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Materials science and engineering for the 1990s : maintaining competitiveness in the age of materials / Committee on Materials Science and Engineering [and] Solid State Sciences Committee, Board on Physics and Astronomy, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, and National Materials Advisory Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council.
- Format:
- Book
- Author/Creator:
- National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Materials Science and Engineering.
- Language:
- English
- Subjects (All):
- Materials science.
- Engineering.
- Physical Description:
- 1 online resource (xxiii, 294 pages, 2 unnumbered pages of plates) : illustrations (some color)
- Edition:
- 1st ed.
- Place of Publication:
- Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1989.
- Summary:
- Materials science and engineering (MSE) contributes to our everyday lives by making possible technologies ranging from the automobiles we drive to the lasers our physicians use. Materials Science and Engineering for the 1990s charts the impact of MSE on the private and public sectors and identifies the research that must be conducted to help America remain competitive in the world arena. The authors discuss what current and future resources would be needed to conduct this research, as well as the role that industry, the federal government, and universities should play in this endeavor.
- Contents:
- MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FOR THE 1990s
- Copyright
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Contents
- Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
- SUMMARY
- CONCLUSIONS
- Role of Materials in Industry
- Opportunities in Materials Science and Engineering
- Emerging Unity and Coherence of the Elementsof Materials Science and Engineering
- Instrumentation and Modeling
- Education
- Infrastructure and Modes of Research
- Federal Support for Materials Science and Engineering
- Materials Science and Engineering in Selected Countries
- RECOMMENDATIONS
- Strengthening Materials Science and Engineering
- Maintaining and Improving the Infrastructure forResearch in Materials Science and Engineering
- Recognizing and Developing Unifying Trendsin the Field of Materials Science and Engineering
- Universities: Unity in Education
- Industry: Collaborating with Universities
- Government: Bringing the Partners Together
- 1 What Is Materials Science and Engineering?
- MODERN MATERIALS
- MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AS A FIELD
- WHO ARE MATERIALS SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS?
- SCOPE OF THIS REPORT
- 2 Materials Science and Engineering and National Economic and Strategic Security
- SIGNIFICANCE OF MATERIALS SCIENCE ANDENGINEERING IN INDUSTRY
- Aerospace Industry
- Scope of the Industry
- Role of Materials in the Aerospace Industry
- Needs and Opportunities
- Automotive Industry
- Role of Materials in the Automotive Industry
- Research Opportunities
- Biomaterials Industry
- Role of Materials in the Biomaterials Industry
- Research Opportunities and Issues
- Chemical Industry
- Role of Materials in the Chemical Industry
- Electronics Industry
- Scope of the Industry.
- Role of Materials in the Electronics Industry
- Energy Industry
- Role of Materials in the Energy Industry
- Metals Industry
- Status of the Industry
- Role of Materials in the Metals Industry
- Needs, Opportunities, and Issues
- Telecommunications Industry
- Role of Materials in the Telecommunications Industry
- SIGNIFICANCE OF MATERIALS SCIENCE ANDENGINEERING FOR THE PUBLIC SECTOR
- Department of Defense
- Department of Energy
- Department of Transportation
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- FINDINGS
- 3 Research Opportunities and Functional Roles of Materials
- STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
- Metals
- Ceramics
- Polymers
- Composites
- ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
- Semiconductors
- Ceramics and Polymers
- MAGNETIC MATERIALS
- PHOTONIC MATERIALS
- SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS
- BIOMATERIALS
- Biomaterials Categories
- Synthetic Nondegradable Polymers
- Bioabsorbable and Soluble Polymers
- Polymeric Tissue Adhesives
- Metals, Ceramics, and Glass
- Carbons
- Biologically Derived Materials
- Surface Modifications
- Long-Term Opportunities Related to Biomaterials
- 4 Research Opportunities and the Elements of Materials Science and Engineering
- PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE
- STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION
- SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING
- Artificially Structured Materials
- Ultrapure Materials
- New Structures
- Solidification
- Vapor Deposition and Surface Processing
- Solid-State Forming Processes
- Joining, Consolidation, and Materials Removal
- Electrolytic Processing
- COMMON THEMES
- Instrumentation
- Analysis and Modeling
- 5 Manpower and Education in Materials Science and Engineering.
- PERSONNEL IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
- DEGREE PRODUCTION IN MATERIALS-RELATEDDISCIPLINES
- UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION IN MATERIALSSCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
- Materials-Designated Departments
- Role of Other Departments in Materials Science and Engineering
- Diversity and Integration
- Textbooks and Computers
- The Laboratory
- Cooperative Programs with Industry
- GRADUATE EDUCATION IN MATERIALSSCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
- Mechanisms for Achieving Goals in Graduate Education
- Examples of Institutional Arrangements
- CONTINUING EDUCATION IN MATERIALSSCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
- Options for Providing Continuing Education
- Needs and Goals in Continuing Education
- PRECOLLEGE EDUCATION
- ROLE OF PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES
- 6 Resources for Research in Materials Science and Engineering
- FEDERAL FUNDING FOR RESEARCH INMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
- National Science Foundation
- INDUSTRIAL FUNDING FOR MATERIALSSCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
- RESEARCH SETTINGS
- Small Group Research
- Collaborative Centers
- FEDERAL LABORATORIES
- Department of Energy Laboratories
- Department of Defense Laboratories
- National Institute of Standards and Technology
- MAJOR NATIONAL FACILITIES
- 7 Comparisons of Efforts in Materials Science and Engineering of Selected Nations
- MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ABROAD
- Canada
- West Germany
- France
- The United Kingdom
- Japan
- South Korea
- The Soviet Union
- MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING INTHE UNITED STATES
- MECHANISMS FOR COOPERATIVE RESEARCH
- COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF U.S. COMPETITIVE STATUS INMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
- Industry Factors
- Technology Factors
- Government Factors
- APPENDIXES: ISSUES IN MATERIALS RESEARCH
- APPENDIX A Synthesis
- OVERVIEW
- THE MEANING OF SYNTHESIS.
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
- THE ROLES OF SYNTHESIS IN MATERIALS RESEARCH
- NEEDS FOR MATERIALS SYNTHESIS: SOME EXAMPLES
- Information Industry
- Transportation Industry
- Defense and Aerospace Industries
- OPPORTUNITIES IN SYNTHESIS
- Shape-Limited Synthesis
- New Synthetic Methods
- APPENDIX B Processing
- MATERIALS PROCESSING AND ECONOMICCOMPETITIVENESS
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
- THE PRESENT SITUATION: SOME EXAMPLES
- Optical Glass Fibers
- Rapid Solidification Technology
- Steelmaking
- High-Modulus Polymer Fibers
- OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE FUTURE
- Computers, Modeling, and Simulation
- High-Temperature Superconductors
- Ceramic Processing
- Polymer Processing
- APPENDIX C Performance
- THE BROAD SCOPE OF RESEARCH IN THE PERFORMANCEOF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
- NEEDS AND INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES
- Technical and Scientific Requirements
- SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ISSUES
- Atomic Scales
- Micromechanics of Strength and Fracture
- Toughened Ceramics
- Ductile Rupture
- Ductile-Brittle Transition
- Deformational Instabilities and Pattern Formation
- Contact and Wear
- Crack Growth, Degradation, Damage, and Life Prediction
- Fatigue
- Corrosion and Environmentally Assisted Cracking
- Oxidation
- Macromechanics of Crack Growth
- Distributed Damage
- Nondestructive Evaluation
- APPENDIX D Instrumentation
- PRIORITIES FOR INSTRUMENTATION AND INSTRUMENTDEVELOPMENT IN MATERIALS RESEARCH
- EXAMPLES OF INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT INMATERIALS RESEARCH: SURFACE SCIENCE
- Scanning Tunneling Microscope
- Double-Alignment Ion Scattering
- High-Resolution Electron Loss Spectroscopy
- Angle-Resolved Photoemission Using Synchrotron Radiation
- Auger Spectroscopy.
- Low-Energy Electron Diffraction
- Electron Microscopy
- Low-Energy Electron Microscope
- Spin-Polarized Measurements
- Field Ion Microscope and Atom Probe
- Beam Scattering
- APPENDIX E Analysis and Modeling
- PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS AT MICROSCOPICLENGTH SCALES
- Statistical Mechanics
- Systems Far from Equilibrium
- Quantum Mechanical Calculations
- CONTINUUM MODELS OF THE PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
- Microstructures in Alloys
- Fracture Mechanics
- INTEGRATED APPROACHES TO DESIGN ANDMANUFACTURING
- Index.
- Notes:
- Includes index.
- ISBN:
- 9786610214761
- 9781280214769
- 1280214767
- 9780309573740
- 0309573742
- 9780585144207
- 0585144206
- OCLC:
- 44959467
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