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Materials science and engineering for the 1990s : maintaining competitiveness in the age of materials / Committee on Materials Science and Engineering [and] Solid State Sciences Committee, Board on Physics and Astronomy, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, and National Materials Advisory Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council.

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Format:
Book
Author/Creator:
National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Materials Science and Engineering.
Contributor:
National Research Council (U.S.). Solid State Sciences Committee.
National Research Council (U.S.). National Materials Advisory Board.
Language:
English
Subjects (All):
Materials science.
Engineering.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (xxiii, 294 pages, 2 unnumbered pages of plates) : illustrations (some color)
Edition:
1st ed.
Place of Publication:
Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1989.
Summary:
Materials science and engineering (MSE) contributes to our everyday lives by making possible technologies ranging from the automobiles we drive to the lasers our physicians use. Materials Science and Engineering for the 1990s charts the impact of MSE on the private and public sectors and identifies the research that must be conducted to help America remain competitive in the world arena. The authors discuss what current and future resources would be needed to conduct this research, as well as the role that industry, the federal government, and universities should play in this endeavor.
Contents:
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FOR THE 1990s
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
SUMMARY
CONCLUSIONS
Role of Materials in Industry
Opportunities in Materials Science and Engineering
Emerging Unity and Coherence of the Elementsof Materials Science and Engineering
Instrumentation and Modeling
Education
Infrastructure and Modes of Research
Federal Support for Materials Science and Engineering
Materials Science and Engineering in Selected Countries
RECOMMENDATIONS
Strengthening Materials Science and Engineering
Maintaining and Improving the Infrastructure forResearch in Materials Science and Engineering
Recognizing and Developing Unifying Trendsin the Field of Materials Science and Engineering
Universities: Unity in Education
Industry: Collaborating with Universities
Government: Bringing the Partners Together
1 What Is Materials Science and Engineering?
MODERN MATERIALS
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AS A FIELD
WHO ARE MATERIALS SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS?
SCOPE OF THIS REPORT
2 Materials Science and Engineering and National Economic and Strategic Security
SIGNIFICANCE OF MATERIALS SCIENCE ANDENGINEERING IN INDUSTRY
Aerospace Industry
Scope of the Industry
Role of Materials in the Aerospace Industry
Needs and Opportunities
Automotive Industry
Role of Materials in the Automotive Industry
Research Opportunities
Biomaterials Industry
Role of Materials in the Biomaterials Industry
Research Opportunities and Issues
Chemical Industry
Role of Materials in the Chemical Industry
Electronics Industry
Scope of the Industry.
Role of Materials in the Electronics Industry
Energy Industry
Role of Materials in the Energy Industry
Metals Industry
Status of the Industry
Role of Materials in the Metals Industry
Needs, Opportunities, and Issues
Telecommunications Industry
Role of Materials in the Telecommunications Industry
SIGNIFICANCE OF MATERIALS SCIENCE ANDENGINEERING FOR THE PUBLIC SECTOR
Department of Defense
Department of Energy
Department of Transportation
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FINDINGS
3 Research Opportunities and Functional Roles of Materials
STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
Metals
Ceramics
Polymers
Composites
ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
Semiconductors
Ceramics and Polymers
MAGNETIC MATERIALS
PHOTONIC MATERIALS
SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS
BIOMATERIALS
Biomaterials Categories
Synthetic Nondegradable Polymers
Bioabsorbable and Soluble Polymers
Polymeric Tissue Adhesives
Metals, Ceramics, and Glass
Carbons
Biologically Derived Materials
Surface Modifications
Long-Term Opportunities Related to Biomaterials
4 Research Opportunities and the Elements of Materials Science and Engineering
PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE
STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION
SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING
Artificially Structured Materials
Ultrapure Materials
New Structures
Solidification
Vapor Deposition and Surface Processing
Solid-State Forming Processes
Joining, Consolidation, and Materials Removal
Electrolytic Processing
COMMON THEMES
Instrumentation
Analysis and Modeling
5 Manpower and Education in Materials Science and Engineering.
PERSONNEL IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
DEGREE PRODUCTION IN MATERIALS-RELATEDDISCIPLINES
UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION IN MATERIALSSCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Materials-Designated Departments
Role of Other Departments in Materials Science and Engineering
Diversity and Integration
Textbooks and Computers
The Laboratory
Cooperative Programs with Industry
GRADUATE EDUCATION IN MATERIALSSCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Mechanisms for Achieving Goals in Graduate Education
Examples of Institutional Arrangements
CONTINUING EDUCATION IN MATERIALSSCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Options for Providing Continuing Education
Needs and Goals in Continuing Education
PRECOLLEGE EDUCATION
ROLE OF PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES
6 Resources for Research in Materials Science and Engineering
FEDERAL FUNDING FOR RESEARCH INMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
National Science Foundation
INDUSTRIAL FUNDING FOR MATERIALSSCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
RESEARCH SETTINGS
Small Group Research
Collaborative Centers
FEDERAL LABORATORIES
Department of Energy Laboratories
Department of Defense Laboratories
National Institute of Standards and Technology
MAJOR NATIONAL FACILITIES
7 Comparisons of Efforts in Materials Science and Engineering of Selected Nations
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ABROAD
Canada
West Germany
France
The United Kingdom
Japan
South Korea
The Soviet Union
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING INTHE UNITED STATES
MECHANISMS FOR COOPERATIVE RESEARCH
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF U.S. COMPETITIVE STATUS INMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Industry Factors
Technology Factors
Government Factors
APPENDIXES: ISSUES IN MATERIALS RESEARCH
APPENDIX A Synthesis
OVERVIEW
THE MEANING OF SYNTHESIS.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
THE ROLES OF SYNTHESIS IN MATERIALS RESEARCH
NEEDS FOR MATERIALS SYNTHESIS: SOME EXAMPLES
Information Industry
Transportation Industry
Defense and Aerospace Industries
OPPORTUNITIES IN SYNTHESIS
Shape-Limited Synthesis
New Synthetic Methods
APPENDIX B Processing
MATERIALS PROCESSING AND ECONOMICCOMPETITIVENESS
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
THE PRESENT SITUATION: SOME EXAMPLES
Optical Glass Fibers
Rapid Solidification Technology
Steelmaking
High-Modulus Polymer Fibers
OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE FUTURE
Computers, Modeling, and Simulation
High-Temperature Superconductors
Ceramic Processing
Polymer Processing
APPENDIX C Performance
THE BROAD SCOPE OF RESEARCH IN THE PERFORMANCEOF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
NEEDS AND INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES
Technical and Scientific Requirements
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ISSUES
Atomic Scales
Micromechanics of Strength and Fracture
Toughened Ceramics
Ductile Rupture
Ductile-Brittle Transition
Deformational Instabilities and Pattern Formation
Contact and Wear
Crack Growth, Degradation, Damage, and Life Prediction
Fatigue
Corrosion and Environmentally Assisted Cracking
Oxidation
Macromechanics of Crack Growth
Distributed Damage
Nondestructive Evaluation
APPENDIX D Instrumentation
PRIORITIES FOR INSTRUMENTATION AND INSTRUMENTDEVELOPMENT IN MATERIALS RESEARCH
EXAMPLES OF INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT INMATERIALS RESEARCH: SURFACE SCIENCE
Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Double-Alignment Ion Scattering
High-Resolution Electron Loss Spectroscopy
Angle-Resolved Photoemission Using Synchrotron Radiation
Auger Spectroscopy.
Low-Energy Electron Diffraction
Electron Microscopy
Low-Energy Electron Microscope
Spin-Polarized Measurements
Field Ion Microscope and Atom Probe
Beam Scattering
APPENDIX E Analysis and Modeling
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS AT MICROSCOPICLENGTH SCALES
Statistical Mechanics
Systems Far from Equilibrium
Quantum Mechanical Calculations
CONTINUUM MODELS OF THE PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Microstructures in Alloys
Fracture Mechanics
INTEGRATED APPROACHES TO DESIGN ANDMANUFACTURING
Index.
Notes:
Includes index.
ISBN:
9786610214761
9781280214769
1280214767
9780309573740
0309573742
9780585144207
0585144206
OCLC:
44959467

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