Microwave processing of materials / Committee on Microwave Processing of Materials: An Emerging Industrial Technology, National Materials Adviory Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Microwave Processing of Materials: An Emerging Industrial Technology.

Series:

Publication NMAB ; 473.

Publication NMAB ; 473

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Microwaves.

Materials--Effect of radiation on.

Materials.

Microwaves--Industrial applications.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (164 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1994.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This report by the Committee on Microwave Processing of Materials assesses the current status of microwave processing, identifies unique applications of microwave technology, and recommends future Department of Defense and National Aeronautics and Space Administration research activities in the field. Topics include microwave fundamentals, system integration, and applications in ceramics, minerals processing, and plasma processing. No index. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Contents:

MICROWAVE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS

Copyright

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ABSTRACT

PREFACE

Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS

1 INTRODUCTION

PERSPECTIVE

MATERIALS INTERACTION

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

2 Microwave Fundamentals

MICROWAVE GENERATORS

CANDIDATE GENERATORS

Magnetron

Power Grid Tubes

Specialty Tubes (Klystron, Gyrotron)

WAVE PROPAGATION

Wave Equations and Wave Solutions

Standing Waves

Reflection and Transmission Coefficients

WAVEGUIDE MODES

Wavelength and the Wave Impedance

Field Distributions

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MICROWAVES AND MATERIALS

Conductive Losses

Atomic and Ionic Polarizations

Dielectric Materials and Electric Polarizability

Depolarization Factors

Thermal Runaway

3 Microwave System Integration

MICROWAVE APPLICATORS

Multimode Applicators

Heating Uniformity

Required Microwave Power

Applicator Size

Leakage Suppression

Required Performance Characteristics

Single-Mode Applicators

Periodic Structures

MICROWAVE SAFETY STANDARDS

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS

Temperature Measurement in a Microwave Environment

EMI Problems

Errors in Optical Temperature Procedures

Summary

COMPUTER MODELING AND COMPUTER SIMULATION

Dielectric Properties Measurements

Transmission-Line Methods

Cavity Perturbation Method

Free-Space Method

4 APPLICATION CRITERIA

UNIQUE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

Penetrating Radiation

Field Distribution

Rapid Heating

Selective Heating

Self-Limiting

ECONOMICS OF MICROWAVE PROCESSING

Cost of Capital Equipment

Operating Costs

Energy Efficiency

Savings from Processing Changes

5 MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION

CERAMICS/CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES

Sintering

Oxides

Nonoxides.

Issues in Microwave Sintering

Microwave Enhancement Effects

Hybrid Heating

Insulation

Property Enhancement

Powder Processing

Powder Synthesis

Sol-Gel Decomposition/Drying

Solution Evaporation/Decomposition

Gas-Phase Reactions

Gas-Solid Reactions

Solid-State Reactions

Ceramic Precursor Pyrolysis

Hydrothermal Reactions

Powder Treatment

Drying

Calcining

Enhancing Microwave Absorption

Powder Consolidation/Shaping

Reaction Sintering

Melting

Ignition

Potential Advantageous Applications of Microwave Heating to Ceramics

POLYMERS AND POLYMER-MATRIX COMPOSITES

Polymer Processing

Mechanism of Microwave Coupling in Polymers

Polymers for Microwave Applications

Enhanced Reaction Kinetics

Polymer-Matrix Composites

Potential Applications of Microwaves to Polymers and Composites

MICROWAVE PLASMA PROCESSING OF MATERIALS

Deposition

Surface Treatment

MINERALS PROCESSING

MICROWAVE CHEMISTRY

WASTE PROCESSING AND RECYCLING

Process Waste Treatment

Stored Waste Treatment

Waste-Site Cleanup

SUMMARY

6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

APPLICATIONS DEVELOPMENT

Recommendations:

PROCESS MODELING AND SIMULATION

SYSTEM DESIGN AND INTEGRATION

NONTHERMAL MICROWAVE EFFECTS

References

APPENDIX: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS.

Notes:

Study was conducted under contract no. MDA 972-92-C-0028 with the Department of Defense and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-147).

ISBN:

9786610195787

9781280195785

1280195789

9780309586306

0309586305

9780585168579

0585168571

OCLC:

44964071