Polymer science and engineering : the shifting research frontiers / Committee on Polymer Science and Engineering, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Polymer Science and Engineering.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Polymers--Research.

Polymers.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (192 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1994.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Polymers are used in everything from nylon stockings to commercial aircraft to artificial heart valves, and they have a key role in addressing international competitiveness and other national issues. Polymer Science and Engineering explores the universe of polymers, describing their properties and wide-ranging potential, and presents the state of the science, with a hard look at downward trends in research support. Leading experts offer findings, recommendations, and research directions. Lively vignettes provide snapshots of polymers in everyday applications. The volume includes an overview of the use of polymers in such fields as medicine and biotechnology, information and communication, housing and construction, energy and transportation, national defense, and environmental protection. The committee looks at the various classes of polymers--plastics, fibers, composites, and other materials, as well as polymers used as membranes and coatings--and how their composition and specific methods of processing result in unparalleled usefulness. The reader can also learn the science behind the technology, including efforts to model polymer synthesis after nature's methods, and breakthroughs in characterizing polymer properties needed for twenty-first-century applications. This informative volume will be important to chemists, engineers, materials scientists, researchers, industrialists, and policymakers interested in the role of polymers, as well as to science and engineering educators and students.

Contents:

POLYMER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Copyright

Preface

Contents

Summary and Recommendations

POLYMER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: RELEVANCE AND OPPORTUNITIES

FACTORS AFFECTING U.S. STRENGTH IN POLYMERS

The U.S. Response to Global Competition

Current Conditions and Trends in Research

LOOKING AHEAD: FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Underlying Principles

Research Balance for Long-term National Well-being

Increased Interaction Between Polymer Researchers and Practitioners: Need for Interdisciplinary Appr...

Attention to Supporting High-Priority Frontier Research Areas

Further Study of Environmental Issues Related to Materials

Encouragement of Active Collaboration Across Subfields of Materials Science and Engineering

REFERENCES

1 National Issues

RESEARCH FUNDING

INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS

EDUCATION IN POLYMER SCIENCE

ENVIRONMENT

HOUSING AND CONSTRUCTION

ENERGY AND TRANSPORTATION

NATIONAL DEFENSE

2 Advanced Technology Applications

HEALTH, MEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

Polymers in Health Applications

Implants and Medical Devices

Diagnostics

Controlled Drug Release

Biological Polymers

Biopolymers Versus Synthetic Polymers

Biopolymers in Molecular Recognition

Biopolymers in Biological Motion

Bioelastomers

Biocomposites

Overlap Between Structural Biology and Polymer Science

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS

Polymer Dielectrics for Electronics

Conducting Polymers and Synthetic Metals

Polymer Sensors

Resist Materials

Compact Disk Technology

Polymeric Materials for Photonics

Polymeric Light-emitting Diodes

Polymers for Electrophotography

Polymers in Holography

Conclusions

3 Manufacturing: Materials and Processing

MATERIALS

Structural Polymers

Plastics

Thermoplastics.

Thermosets

Elastomers

Fibers

Adhesives

Blends and Alloys

Structural Composites

Liquid Crystalline Polymers

Films, Membranes, and Coatings

Barrier Polymers

Membranes

Coatings

Inorganic Polymers

POLYMER PROCESSING

Melt Processing

Molding

Extrusion

Solid-State Forming

Solution Processing

Dispersion Processing

Process Models

CONCLUSIONS

4 Enabling Science

POLYMER SYNTHESIS

Control of Chain Architecture

Topology

Length

Sequence

Isomerism

Synthesis of Polymers of Controlled End-Group Structure

Design and Synthesis of Thermally Stable Polymers

Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers

Modification of Polymer Surfaces

Biocatalysis in Polymer Synthesis

Development of New Polymerization Methods

Exploring the Periodic Table: Inorganic Polymers

Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers

Network-forming Inorganic Polymers

Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Polymers and Networks

Opportunities and Challenges

Reactive Processing

Supramolecular Chemistry

POLYMER CHARACTERIZATION

Molecular Characterization

Characterization of Solutions, Melts, and Elastomers

Characterization of Polymer Solid-State Structure and Properties

Characterization of Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces

Characterization of Biopolymers

Structure Determination

The Folding Problem

THEORY, MODELING, AND SIMULATION

States of Matter

Polymer Solutions

Amorphous Polymers

Crystalline Polymers

Polymer Blends

Block Copolymers

Polymer Interfaces

Polymer Surfaces and Thin Films

Biopolymers

Dynamics and Properties

Local Motions in Polymers

Rheology of Liquid Polymers

Mechanical Properties

Electro-active Properties

Computational Methods

Force-Field Simulation.

Coarse-grained Simulations

Mathematical Methods

APPENDIX: Contributors and Participants

WRITING CONTRIBUTORS

QUESTIONNAIRE PARTICIPANTS

WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS

Index.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9786610195824

9781280195822

1280195827

9780309566742

0309566746

9780585021126

0585021120

OCLC:

42328821