AIDS and behavior : an integrated approach / Judith D. Auerbach, Christina Wypijewska, and H. Keith H. Brodie, editors ; Committee on Substance Abuse and Mental Health Issues in AIDS Research, Division of Biobehavioral Sciences and Mental Disorders, Institute of Medicine.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Auerbach, Judith D.

Wypijewska, Christina.

Brodie, H. Keith H. (Harlow Keith Hammond), 1939-

Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Division of Biobehavioral Sciences and Mental Disorders. Committee on Substance Abuse and Mental Health Issues in AIDS Research.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

National Institute on Drug Abuse.

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U.S.).

AIDS (Disease)--Prevention--Research--Government policy--United States.

AIDS (Disease).

Health behavior.

Drug addiction.

Drug abuse.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.

Health Services Research--organization & administration.

Health Behavior.

HIV Infections--psychology.

Substance-Related Disorders.

Sexual Behavior.

United States.

Medical Subjects:

National Institute on Drug Abuse.

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U.S.).

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.

Health Services Research--organization & administration.

Health Behavior.

HIV Infections--psychology.

Substance-Related Disorders.

Sexual Behavior.

United States.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xvii, 338 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1994.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

HIV is spreading rapidly, and effective treatments continue to elude science. Preventive interventions are now our best defense against the epidemic--but they require a clear understanding of the behavioral and mental health aspects of HIV infection and AIDS. AIDS and Behavior provides an update of what investigators in the biobehavioral, psychological, and social sciences have discovered recently about those aspects of the disease and offers specific recommendations for research directions and priorities. This volume candidly discusses the sexual and drug-use behaviors that promote transmission of HIV and reports on the latest efforts to monitor the epidemic in its social contexts. The committee reviews new findings on how and why risky behaviors occur and efforts to develop strategies for changing such behaviors. The volume presents findings on the disease's progression and on the psychosocial impacts of HIV and AIDS, with a view toward intervention and improved caregiving. AIDS and Behavior also evaluates the status of behavioral and prevention aspects of AIDS research at the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The volume presents background on the three institutes; their recent reorganization; their research budgets, programs, and priorities; and other important details. The committee offers specific recommendations for the institutes concerning the balance between biomedical and behavioral investigations, adequacy of administrative structures, and other research management issues. Anyone interested in the continuing quest for new knowledge on preventing HIV and AIDS will want to own this book: policymakers, researchers, research administrators, public health professionals, psychologists, AIDS advocates and service providers, faculty, and students.

Contents:

AIDS and Behavior

Copyright

Preface

Acknowledgments

Contents

Executive Summary

PART I

UNDERSTANDING HIV TRANSMISSION

SEX, DRUG USE, AND HIV TRANSMISSION

UNDERSTANDING THE DETERMINANTS OF HIV RISK BEHAVIOR

NEUROBIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF RISK BEHAVIOR

PSYCHOSOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF RISK BEHAVIOR

SOCIAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVES ON BEHAVIOR AND BEHAVIOR CHANGE

INTERVENTIONS TO CHANGE BEHAVIOR

DISEASE PROGRESSION AND INTERVENTION

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIV AND THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

INTERACTIONS AMONG HIV, SUBSTANCE USE, AND MENTAL ILLNESS

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND HIV INFECTION

PART II

THE CONTEXT OF AIDS PROGRAMS AT NIAAA, NIDA, AND NIMH

EFFECTS OF THE ADAMHA REORGANIZATION AND NIH REAUTHORIZATION

THE BUDGET PROCESS

THE GRANT REVIEW PROCESS

RESEARCH FUNDING, PROGRAMS, AND PRIORITIES AT NIAAA, NIDA, AND NIMH

NIAAA

NIDA

NIMH

COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS

THE NIH CONTEXT

LINKAGES BETWEEN RESEARCH AND SERVICES

AIDS PROGRAMS AT SAMHSA

COLLABORATIONS BETWEEN RESEARCH AND SERVICES

COORDINATION OF AIDS ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE AND THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

1 Introduction

PART I Research Findings and Opportunities

2 Understanding HIV Transmission

SEXUAL TRANSMISSION

HIV RISK AND INJECTION DRUG USE

ALCOHOL USE AND SEXUAL TRANSMISSION

MONITORING THE EPIDEMIC

PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF HIV INFECTION

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EPIDEMIC'S COURSE: RISKY ACTS, SOCIAL NETWORKS, AND UNSAFE PLACES

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

CONCLUSION

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR UNDERSTANDING HIV TRANSMISSION

3 Understanding the Determinants of HIV Risk Behavior

NEUROBIOLOGICAL BASIS OF DRUG-USING BEHAVIOR

PSYCHOSOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF RISK BEHAVIOR.

PSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVES ON RISK BEHAVIOR

PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES OF BEHAVIOR CHANGE

Social Networks

Social Norms

Community

Cultural Sensitivity

Women and Gender Dynamics

INDIVIDUAL-FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS

Sexual Behavior

Injection Drug Use

COMMUNITY-FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS

MAINTAINING BEHAVIOR CHANGE AND PREVENTING RELAPSE

EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF AIDS INTERVENTIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR UNDERSTANDING THE DETERMINANTS OF HIV RISK BEHAVIOR

4 Disease Progression and Intervention

EFFECTS OF HIV ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: DEFINING THE ISSUES

STAGING AND CELLULAR SITES OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTION IN AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX

MECHANISMS FOR CAUSING SYMPTOMS

MECHANISMS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURY

SIGNIFICANCE OF AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX FOR OTHER CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX

ALCOHOL AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

DRUG USE AND HIV/AIDS

Natural History of HIV Infection Among Drug Users

Medical Care for HIV-Infected Drug Users

INTERVENTIONS FOR THE SERIOUSLY MENTALLY ILL

PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY

COPING WITH HIV/AIDS

CAREGIVING FOR PEOPLE WITH HIV/AIDS

Informal Caregivers

Formal Caregivers: Health Care Professionals

Future Research on Caregiving

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DISEASE PROGRESSION AND INTERVENTION

PART II Managing the AIDS Research Programs at NIAAA, NIDA, and NIMH.

5 The Context of AIDS Programs at NIAAA, NIDA, and NIMH

THE REORGANIZATION OF ADAMHA

BACKGROUND

STRUCTURAL EFFECTS OF THE ADAMHA REORGANIZATION

AIDS RESEARCH AND THE NIH REAUTHORIZATION

ADAMHA BUDGET PROCESS, FY 1983 TO FY 1992

WORKING WITHIN THE NIH PROCESS

RECOMMENDATIONS RELATED TO THE CONTEXT OF AIDS RESEARCH

6 Research Funding, Programs, and Priorities at NIAAA, NIDA, and NIMH

FUNDING AIDS ACTIVITIES

CATEGORIZING AIDS RESEARCH

MECHANISMS OF SUPPORT

PROGRAMS AND PRIORITIES

BIOMEDICAL/BIOBEHAVIORAL RESEARCH

Epidemiological Research

Psychosocial Research

Social-Structural Research

GRANTS

Biomedical/Biobehavioral Research

Drug Abuse Treatment Research

AIDS RESEARCH CENTERS

TRAINING

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESEARCH FUNDING, PROGRAMS, AND PRIORITIES AT NIAAA, NIDA, AND NIMH

7 Linkages Between Research and Services

National AIDS Demonstration Research Program (NADR)

NIDA/SAMHSA HIV Prevention/Intervention Training Courses

Outreach and Bleach Distribution

Other Collaborations

AIDS Research Centers

AIDS Health Care Worker Training Program

NIMH (with CDC, HRSA, NIDA, NIAAA, and NICHD) Multisite Trial of Behavioral Strategies to Prevent the Further Spread of HIV….

HIV/AIDS Mental Health Services Demonstration Program

BARRIERS TO COLLABORATION

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LINKAGES BETWEEN RESEARCH AND SERVICES

Bibliography and References

APPENDIXES

A Grants Analysis Methodology

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

DATABASE

LIMITATIONS

B Abbreviations and Acronyms

C Acknowledgments

D Contributors

Index.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references (p. 257-295) and index.

Other Format:

Print version: AIDS and behavior.

ISBN:

1-280-19357-3

9786610193578

0-309-58704-2

0-585-00236-3

OCLC:

42922309