Biomarkers and occupational health : progress and perspectives / Mortimer L. Mendelsohn, John P. Peeters, Mary Janet Normandy, editors.

Format:

Book

Conference/Event

Contributor:

Mendelsohn, Mortimer L.

Peeters, John P., 1958-

Normandy, Mary Janet, 1944-

Conference Name:

International Workshop on the Development and Applications of Biomarkers (1994 : Santa Fe, N.M.)

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Biochemical markers.

Industrial toxicology.

Biological monitoring.

Occupational diseases--Diagnosis.

Occupational diseases.

Physical Description:

viii, 335 p. : ill.

Edition:

1st ed.

Other Title:

Biomarkers

Biomarkers.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : Joseph Henry Press, 1995.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Biomarkers and Occupational Health describes the state of biomarker development and explores a wide scope of issues, including the implications of the Human Genome program.

Contents:

BIOMARKERS AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Copyright

Preface

Contents

Introduction: The Role of Biomarkers in the Prevention of Occupational Disease

REFERENCES

NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES

The Current Applicability of Large Scale Biomarker Programs to Monitor Cleanup Workers

Temporal Effects in Biodosimetry

The Specificity of Biomarkers

The Sensitivity of Biomarkers

Validation of Biomarkers

RECOMMENDATIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Biomarkers-A Perspective from the Commission of the European Communities

Indicators of Exposure to Radiation

Individual Radiation Sensitivity

Susceptibility to Radiation Induced Cancer

Radiation "Signature"

Ethical Considerations

CONCLUSIONS

The Role of the NIEHS in the Development of a National Program for Environmental Health Science Research

Challenges in Assessing Environmental Risk

The Role of NIEHS

New Research Priorities

The Importance of Prevention

ETHICAL AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS

Legal Concerns in Worker Notification and the Use of Biomarkers in Medical Surveillance

WHEN TO NOTIFY AT-RISK EMPLOYEES AND FORMER EMPLOYEES

The Notification Process

LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF NOTIFICATION

Discrimination

Confidentiality

Compensation

Biomedical Research Ethics Related to Biomarkers

Case Study 1: Biomarkers and Beryllium

Case Study 2: Biomarkers and Asbestos

Case Study 3: Conflict of Interest with Biotechnology Companies

Remedies

Biomarkers: The Down Side

PRIORITIES, COSTS, AND STANDARDS

Application of Biomarkers: Getting our Priorities Straight

THE NEED FOR PRIORITIZATION

Limited Resources

Information Gaps in the Evaluation of Environmental Toxins.

Need to Study Low-Level Chronic Exposures to Widely Used Chemicals

Biomonitoring Programs in the Chemical Industry

A Butadiene Study as a Model for the Application of Biomarkers

Costs of Developing a Large-Scale Biomarker Program to Monitor Cleanup Workers

Biomarkers

Costs of Currently Used Biomarker Assays

Costs of Medical Evaluation

USE OF BIOMARKERS

Current Applications

Future Applications

Validation of Effect Biomarkers for Individual Risk

Value of Biomarkers Determining Individual Risk Assessments

Biological Monitoring of Exposure to Industrial Chemicals

Interaction Between BEI and TLV Committees

Criteria for Safety

Implementation of BEIs

CONSIDERATIONS IN BIOLOGICAL MONITORING DATA EVALUATION

Implementation of BEIs to Exposures to Mixtures of Chemicals

Sample Collection

RECOMMENDED LITERATURE

STUDY DESIGN

Validation of DNA Adducts as Biological Markers of Carcinogen Exposure and Effects

Levels of DNA Adducts with Increasing Exposure to Benzo(a)pyrene in Ambient Air

Levels of DNA-PAH Adducts with Increasing Occupational Exposure to Benzo(a)pyrene

Levels of DNA-PAH Adducts in Lung Cancer Tissue

The Development, Validation, and Application of Biomarkers for Early Biologic Effects

LABORATORY STUDIES

TRANSITIONAL STUDIES

Developmental Studies

Characterization Studies

Applied Studies

ETIOLOGIC STUDIES

PUBLIC HEALTH APPLICATIONS

The Development, Validation, and Application of Biomarkers for HIV

The HIV Chronology

Quantitative Decision Support Systems for Surveillance and Clinical Applications

Pre-Placement Medical Evaluation

How Does Epidemiology Differ from Decision Support Systems?.

Models For Screening Program Optimization

Program Implementation: Public Health Perspective

Other Methods

Implications For Surveillance and Clinical Applications of Biomarkers

CLEANUP WORKERS AND OTHER MEDICAL NEEDS

Medical Surveillance at a Hazardous Waste Site

Challenges for Worker Monitoring at the Hanford Site

Monitoring Hazardous Waste Workers

The Medical Surveillance Program at Hanford

Integrating Biomarkers into Health and Safety Programs

The Importance of a Health and Safety Program

Biological Monitoring

Criteria for Biological Markers Having Potential Utilization in HASPs

Clinical Applications of Biomarkers in Occupational Medicine

TYPES OF BIOMARKERS AND CLINICAL CHALLENGES

Biological Markers of Susceptibility

Biological Markers of Effect

Biological Markers of Exposure

Screening/Biological Monitoring

The Use of Biomarkers in Evaluating Illness

Use of Biomarkers in Evaluating Exposure

RECENT TECHNICAL ADVANCES IN BIOMARKERS RESEARCH

Mutant p21 Protein as a Biomarker of Chemical Carcinogenesis in Humans

METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Validation Studies for Monitoring of Workers Using Molecular Cytogenetics

Molecular Cytogenetics

Validation of FISH for Cytogenetics

Persistence of Translocations

In Vitro Calibration Curves

Background Frequencies

Biodosimetry for Leukemia Patients

Partial Body Exposures

Chemical Workers

Reducing Uncertainties

Molecular Cytogenetic Approaches to the Development of Biomarkers

ABERRANT CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS

Dose Estimation

Scoring rate

Background Frequency

Hemopoietic Effects

Dose Rate Effects.

CANCER SPECIFIC ABERRATIONS

Early Genetic Aberrations

Aberrations Associated with Heterogeneity

Radiation Induced Genetic Aberrations

Biomarkers to Detect Radiation Exposures

Current Approaches to Biomarker Development

Mutational Spectra

Future Needs

Dioxin Congeners Distribution in Biological Samples as Biomarkers for Exposure

Distribution of Dioxins in Biologic Samples

Use of Model Algorithms to Derive Cellular-Level Doses

Application of the Model Algorithm

Results and Discussion

Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzymes in Biomarker Research

BIOMARKERS FOR CANCER RISK

Genetic Polymorphisms

CYP2D6 and Lung Cancer

CYP1A1 and Lung Cancer

GSTM1 and Lung Cancer

N-Acetyltransferase 2 and Cancer Risk

Estradiol Hydroxylase Activity and Breast Cancer Risk

BIOMARKERS FOR CARCINOGEN EXPOSURE

Human Exposure

Rodents as Biomarkers for Soil Contamination

Fish as Biomarkers for Water Contamination

Implications of Large Scale DNA Analysis for the Development and Application of Biomarkers

A Computational and Scientific Challenge

DNA and DNA Markers

Epigenetic Biomarkers: Potentials and Limitations

Homeostasis: The Ultimate Process to Maintain the State of Health

Disrupters of Homeostasis: Adaptive Response or Disease-Causing?

Epigenetic Biomarkers: Future Considerations

Flow Cytometry: A Powerful Technology for Measuring Biomarkers

Flow Cytometry

APPLICATIONS OF FLOW CYTOMETRY TO BIOMARKER MEASUREMENTS

DNA Content Analysis

Cell Cycle Analysis

Subcellular DNA Measurements

Sperm Maturation

Immunological Measurements.

Mutation Assays and Rare Event Detection

Gene Expression Assays

Cell Physiology Assays

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND NEW HORIZONS

CASES IN POINT: MONITORING WORKER EXPOSURES TO METALS

A Genetic Marker for Chronic Beryllium Disease

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

Immunology of Chronic Beryllium Disease

Immunology

T Cell Receptors

MHC Class II Molecules

Biological Monitoring of Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium in Isolated Erythrocytes

In Vitro Studies

Biomonitoring Results

Contributors

ABBREVIATIONS

Index.

Notes:

"Based on the presentations from the International Workshop on the Development and Applications of Biomarkers, Santa Fe, New Mexico, April 26-29, 1994"--Preface.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1-280-21112-1

9786610211128

0-309-56875-7

0-585-07612-X

OCLC:

923269643