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Solar influences on global change / Board on Global Change, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources, National Research Council.
- Format:
- Book
- Language:
- English
- Subjects (All):
- Solar atmosphere--Observations.
- Solar atmosphere.
- Physical Description:
- 1 online resource (179 p.)
- Edition:
- 1st ed.
- Place of Publication:
- Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1994.
- Language Note:
- English
- Summary:
- Are variations in the energy generated by the Sun sufficient to modify the Earth's global environment at levels comparable to expected anthropogenic changes? Debated contentiously for more than a century, this question must now be posed with new urgency: the proper specification of natural global changes is a prerequisite for detecting anthropogenic impacts. Important advances over the past decade in our knowledge of the Sun and of the terrestrial responses to solar variability provides the basis for answering this question with unprecedented surety, but significant uncertainties remain. This book addresses current monitoring and understanding of solar influences on both the climate system and the ozone layer and prioritizes the research effort that will be needed to provide a sound scientific basis for policymaking related to global change issues.
- Contents:
- Solar Influences On Global Change
- Copyright
- Acknowledgments
- Preface
- Contents
- Solar Influences On Global Change
- Executive Summary
- SCIENTIFIC CONCLUSIONS
- RECOMMENDATIONS
- 1 Introduction
- THE COUPLED SUN-EARTH SYSTEM
- GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH
- SOLAR INFLUENCES ON GLOBAL CHANGE: A MAJOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ELEMENT OF THE USGCRP
- OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT
- 2 Solar Variations and Climate Change
- BACKGROUND
- TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY
- Contemporary Measurements
- Implications from Observations of Solar Surrogates
- Geophysical Proxies
- Evidence from Observations of Sun-Like Stars
- SOLAR FORCING OF CLIMATE CHANGE
- Solar Irradiance Changes and the Relatively Recent Climate
- Solar Activity Cycles and the Weather
- Insolation Changes Due to Orbital Variations
- 3 Solar Variations, Ozone, and the Middle Atmosphere
- SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
- Measurements of Solar UV Spectral Irradiance
- Irradiance Variability Parameterizations
- ENERGETIC PARTICLES
- Solar Proton Events
- Relativistic Electrons
- Galactic Cosmic Rays
- SOLAR FORCING OF THE MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE
- Effects from Variations in UV Irradiance
- Effects from Solar Proton Events
- Effects from Relativistic Electron Precipitation
- ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION REACHING THE BIOSPHERE
- 4 Solar Variations and the Upper Atmosphere
- SOLAR EUV AND UV RADIATION
- Measurements of Solar EUV Spectral Irradiance
- AURORAL PARTICLE AND ELECTRIC FIELD INPUTS
- GLOBAL CURRENTS AND ELECTRIC FIELD COUPLINGS
- Global Circuit Processes
- Electrical Couplings Between the Upper and Lower Atmospheres
- SOLAR FORCING AND GLOBAL CHANGE WITHIN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE
- COUPLINGS OF THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE TO THE LOWER ATMOSPHERE.
- 5 Solar Variations and the Earth's Near-Space Environment
- THE SOLAR WIND AND THE EARTH'S MAGNETOSPHERE
- SOLAR ERUPTIVE EVENTS AND GEOMAGNETIC STORMS
- TERRESTRIAL IMPACTS
- 6 Understanding the Variable Sun
- ORIGINS OF SOLAR VARIABILITY
- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOLAR SURFACE STRUCTURE AND ENERGY FROM THE SUN-AS-A-STAR
- Radiation
- Plasma and Particles
- Cosmic Rays
- REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING
- Present
- Past
- Future
- 7 Research Strategies
- MONITORING SOLAR FORCING
- Total Solar Irradiance
- Solar Spectral Irradiance
- Energetic Particles
- Ground Based Solar Variability Indicators
- MONITORING TERRESTRIAL SOLAR EFFECTS
- Lower Atmosphere
- Middle Atmosphere
- Upper Atmosphere
- UNDERSTANDING SOLAR INFLUENCES ON GLOBAL CHANGE
- Studies of Present Day Behavior
- Records of the Past
- UNDERSTANDING AND PREDICTING SOLAR VARIABILITY
- PROGRAMMATIC APPROACH
- Need for Interdisciplinary Efforts
- Connections to Other Areas of the USGCRP
- Agency Roles
- International Aspects
- 8 Recommendations
- SCIENTIFIC RATIONALE FOR ASSIGNING PRIORITIES
- Primary Recommendation
- Additional Recommendations
- References
- Acronyms.
- Notes:
- Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
- Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-159).
- ISBN:
- 9786610193134
- 9781280193132
- 1280193131
- 9780309538121
- 0309538122
- 9780585024233
- 0585024235
- OCLC:
- 42329061
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