Evolving the high performance computing and communications initiative to support the nation's information infrastructure / Committee to Study High Performance Computing and Communications: Status of a Major Initiative, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, Commission on Physical Science, Mathematics, and Applications, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Research Council Staff, Corporate Author.

Contributor:

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee to Study High Performance Computing and Communications: Status of a Major Initiative.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Electronic data processing.

Telecommunication--United States.

Telecommunication.

Computer networks.

Data transmission systems.

Information networks.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (133 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1995.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Maintaining the United States' strong lead in information technology will require continued federal support of research in this area, most of which is currently funded under the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative (HPCCI). The Initiative has already accomplished a great deal and should be continued. This book provides 13 major recommendations for refining both HPCCI and support of information technology research in general. It also provides a good overview of the development of HPCC technologies.

Contents:

Evolving the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative to Support the Nation's Information Infrastructure

Copyright

Preface

Contents

Executive Summary

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY-FUNDAMENTAL FOR SOCIETY AND THE ECONOMY NOW AND TOMORROW

The Basis for Continuing Strength-A Successful Government-Industry Partnership

Government Support of Research Is Crucial

THE HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS INITIATIVE

Goals and Emphases

High Performance

Accomplishments to Date

Evolution

Organization

Budget

THE FUTURE OF THE HPCCI: RECOMMENDATIONS

General Recommendations

High Performance Computing

Networking and Information Infrastructure

Supercomputer Centers and Grand Challenge Program

Coordination and Program Management

NOTES

1 U.S. Leadership in Information Technology

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IS CENTRAL TO OUR SOCIETY

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES RAPIDLY

RETAINING LEADERSHIP IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IS VITAL TO THE NATION

THE FEDERAL INVESTMENT IN COMPUTING RESEARCH HAS PAID RICH DIVIDENDS

CONTINUED FEDERAL INVESTMENT IS NECESSARY TO SUSTAIN OUR LEAD

TODAY THE HPCCI IS THE UMBRELLA FOR MOST GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH

2 The High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative

HPCCI: GOALS AND EMPHASES

Basic Objectives

Teraflop Capability

High-speed Networks

Grand Challenges

Expanded Objectives

HPCCI ACCOMPLISHMENTS

The Issue of Measurement

Better Computing and Computational Infrastructure

Increasing Researcher-Developer-User Synergy

Impact of Broad Collaboration

Transfer of Expertise and Technology

Impact on Mission Agencies

Five Gigabit Testbed Projects: Collaboration and Impact

EVOLUTION OF HPCCI GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Improving the Information Infrastructure.

Evolving Research Directions and Relevance for the Information Infrastructure

Overall Computing and Communications R&amp

D Planning

Toward a Better Balance

MOVING FORWARD-BASIC ISSUES

Balance of Private and Public Investment

Coordination Versus Management

Coordinating Structure

Drawbacks of Centralization

National Coordination Office

3 Recommendations

GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS ON HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING

RECOMMENDATIONS ON NETWORKING AND INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE

RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE SUPERCOMPUTER CENTERS AND GRAND CHALLENGE PROGRAM

RECOMMENDATIONS ON COORDINATION AND PROGRAM MANAGEMENT IN THE HPCCI

COMMENTS RELATING THIS REPORT'S RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS RE ...

Bibliography

Appendixes

A The High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative: Background

THE TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC IMPERATIVE FOR PARALLEL COMPUTING

The United States Needs More Powerful Computers and Communications

Conventional Supercomputers Face Cost Barriers

Small Computers Are Becoming Faster, Cheaper, and More Widely Used

Parallel Computers: High Performance for Radically Lower Cost

CHALLENGES OF PARALLEL COMPUTING

Applications

Hardware Design

Numerical Algorithms

Learning New Modes of Thought

A NEW PARADIGM

COMPUTER ARCHITECTURES

Overview

Sequential, Vector

Parallel

Generations of Parallel Computers

First Commercial Generation: SIMD

Second Generation: Message-Passing MIMD

Third Generation: Memory-Sharing MIMD

Programming

Algorithms

A SKETCH OF THE HPCCI'S HISTORY

Development and Participants

Concerns Raised in Recent Studies

GAO Report

CBO Report

B High-Performance Communications Technology and Infrastructure.

HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE ADVANCE

C Review of the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative Budget

BUDGET REVIEW

Commentary: Many Possibilities for Misinterpretation

D Current High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative Grand Challenge Activities

NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ADMINISTRATION

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

E Accomplishments of National Science Foundation Supercomputer Centers

INTRODUCTION

IMPORTANT TECHNOLOGY ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Supercomputer Usage at NSF Centers

Architectures and Vendors

Access and New Architectures

Storage Technologies, File Format, and File Systems

NSFNET and Networking

Visualization and Virtual Reality

Desktop Software, Connectivity, and Collaboration Tools

ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN EDUCATION AND OUTREACH

Researchers and Students

K-12 Educators and Students

Broad Outreach

SCIENTIFIC COMPUTATION AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

IMPORTANT SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Quantum Physics and Materials Science

Biology and Medicine

Engineering

Earth Sciences and the Environment

Planetary Sciences, Astronomy, and Cosmology

F Individuals Providing Briefings to the Committee.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

9786610192915

9781280192913

1280192917

9780309588034

0309588030

9780585002088

0585002088

OCLC:

42328500