Coal : energy for the future / Committee on the Strategic Assessment of the U.S. Department of Energy's coal program.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on the Strategic Assessment of the U.S. Department of Energy's Coal Program.

Contributor:

Longwell, John P.

Rubin, Edward S.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Coal--United States.

Coal.

Coal--Government policy--United States.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (302 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1995.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) was given a mandate in the 1992 Energy Policy Act (EPACT) to pursue strategies in coal technology that promote a more competitive economy, a cleaner environment, and increased energy security. Coal evaluates DOE's performance and recommends priorities in updating its coal program and responding to EPACT. This volume provides a picture of likely future coal use and associated technology requirements through the year 2040. Based on near-, mid-, and long-term scenarios, the committee presents a framework for DOE to use in identifying R&D strategies and in making detailed assessments of specific programs. Coal offers an overview of coal-related programs and recent budget trends and explores principal issues in future U.S. and foreign coal use. The volume evaluates DOE Fossil Energy R&D programs in such key areas as electric power generation and conversion of coal to clean fuels. Coal will be important to energy policymakers, executives in the power industry and related trade associations, environmental organizations, and researchers.

Contents:

Coal

Copyright

Preface

Contents

Executive Summary

THE DOE COAL PROGRAM

STRATEGIC PLANNING

POWER GENERATION

Technology Development

CLEAN FUELS FROM COAL

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

EPACT

REFERENCES

PART I Strategic Planning for Coal

1 Introduction and Scope of the Study

THE ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 1992

STUDY SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES

THE COMMITTEE'S APPROACH

COAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Private Sector Activities

International Activities

ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT

2 Overview of U.S. Department of Energy Programs and Planning

MAJOR TRENDS IN THE DOE COAL PROGRAM

THE DOE COAL PROGRAM STRUCTURE AND BUDGET

Fossil Energy Research and Development

CCT Program

DOE'S STRATEGIC PLANNING

The Department of Energy Strategic Plan

Clean Coal Technologies Research, Development, and Demonstration Program Plan

SUMMARY

3 Trends and Issues for Future Coal Use

DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL MARKETS

Overview of Coal Markets

Markets for Coal Utilization Technology

COAL USE FOR DOMESTIC ELECTRICITY GENERATION

Changing Structure of the Electric Utility Industry

Introduction of New Technology

The Availability of Coproducts

Projected Electricity Requirements

Energy Sources for Power Generation

Coal

Natural Gas

Liquefied Natural Gas

Oil

Nuclear Power

Renewable Energy

COAL USE FOR LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUELS

Resource Base for Petroleum and Bitumen

OTHER USES OF COAL

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES FOR COAL USE

4 The Strategic Planning Framework

BASELINE STRATEGIC PLANNING SCENARIOS

ALTERNATIVE SCENARIOS

Near-Term

Mid and Long-Term

SCENARIO IMPLICATIONS FOR RDD&amp

C PLANNING

ADDITIONAL CRITERIA TO SET NATIONAL COAL RDD&amp

C PRIORITIES

General criteria

Economic criteria.

Environmental criteria

The DOE role

PART II Overview of Current DOE Coal Programs

5 Coal Preparation, Coal-Liquid Mixtures, and Coalbed Methane Recovery

COAL PREPARATION

Description of Technology

Development History

State of the Art

Current Programs

Technical Issues, Risks, and Opportunities

Findings

COAL-LIQUID MIXTURES

Background

COALBED METHANE RECOVERY

Issues, Risks, and Opportunities

6 Clean Fuels and Specialty Products from Coal

GASIFICATION OF COAL

Gasification Technology and IGCC Performance

Technical Issues and Opportunities

PRODUCTS FROM COAL-DERIVED GAS

Hydrogen Production

Synthetic Natural Gas Production

Liquid Products from Synthesis Gas

Methanol

Methanol-Derived Fuels

F-T Synthesis

PRODUCTS FROM DIRECT LIQUEFACTION AND PYROLYSIS OF COAL

Direct Liquefaction

Coal Pyrolysis

COAL REFINERIES AND COPRODUCT SYSTEMS

Cogeneration

Indirect Liquefaction

FINDINGS

Coal Gasification Technology

Gaseous Products

Liquid Fuels from Coal

Coal Refineries and Coproduct Systems

7 Electric Power Generation

PULVERIZED COAL SYSTEMS

Advanced Pulverized Coal

Indirectly Fired Cycle

Direct Coal-Fired Heat Engines

FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTION

Findings.

INTEGRATED GASIFICATION COMBINED-CYCLE SYSTEMS

INTEGRATED GASIFICATION FUEL CELL SYSTEMS

MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC POWER GENERATION

COMBUSTION TURBINES

EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES

Current DOE Programs

8 Technology Demonstration and Commercialization

COMMERCIALIZATION ISSUES

CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM

ADVANCED POWER SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS

Advanced Emission Control Systems

Integrated Gasification combined-cycle

Pressurized Fluidized-Bed Combustion

Direct-Fired Systems

Indirectly-Fired Systems

Advanced Pulverized Coal Systems

Fuel Cells

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Additional CCT Solicitations

International CCT Initiative

ADVANCED FUEL SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS

9 Advanced Research Programs

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND BUDGETS

THE ROLE OF ADVANCED RESEARCH

DOE Perspective

The Committee's Perspective

COMBUSTION AND GASIFICATION

COAL CONVERSION AND CATALYSIS

MATERIALS

General Comments

Advanced Gas Turbines

Heat Exchangers

Membranes

PART III Recommendations for DOE's Future Coal Program

10 Conclusions and Recommendations

STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR COAL

Conclusions

Recommendations

COAL PREPARATION, COAL-LIQUID MIXTURES, AND COALBED METHANE RECOVERY.

Conclusions

ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION

Power Generation Systems

Efficiency and Cost Targets

Group I Systems

Group 2 and 3 Systems

Magnetohydrodynamics

Emissions Control Technologies

Targets

Technology Development Needs

CLEAN FUELS AND SPECIALTY PRODUCTS FROM COAL

Coal Gasification

Products from Coal-Derived Gas

Methanol from Syngas

Liquid Hydrocarbons from Syngas (Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis)

Products from Direct Liquefaction and Pyrolysis of Coal

Direct Coal Liquefaction by Hydrogenation

Direct Coal Liquefaction by Pyrolysis

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY STUDIES

TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION

ADVANCED RESEARCH PROGRAMS

THE ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 1992 (EPACT)

APPENDIXES

APPENDIX A Project Description Strategic Assessment of DOE's Coal Program

INTRODUCTION

TITLE XIII COAL

TITLE XX GENERAL PROVISIONS

REDUCTION OF OIL VULNERABILITY

PROPOSED ACTIVITY

ANTICIPATED RESULTS

APPENDIX B The Energy Policy Act of 1992

TITLE XIII-COAL

Subtitle A-Research, Development, Demonstration, and Commercial Application

Subtitle B-Clean Coal Technology Program

Subtitle C-Other Coal Provisions

TITLE XX

GENERAL PRO VISIONS

Subtitle A

Oil and Gas Supply Enhancement

APPENDIX C DOE Budget Data

APPENDIX D Environmental Issues Affecting Coal Use

Air Quality Standards.

Sulfur Dioxide

Particulate Matter

Nitrogen Dioxide

Ozone

Acid Deposition

Air Toxics

Global Warming

Water Quality Standards

Solid and Hazardous Wastes

Externalities and Siting Issues

APPENDIX E Clean Coal Technology Demonstration Projects

APPENDIX F Committee Meetings and Activities

APPENDIX G Biographical Sketches of Committee Members

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STAFF

Glossary and Conventions

COST OF COAL CONVERSION PROCESSES

ECONOMIC CONVENTIONS

THERMAL EFFICIENCY

Index.

Notes:

John P. Longwell, chair; Edward S. Rubin, vice-chair.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9786610193271

9780309176460

0309176468

9781280193279

1280193271

9780309556408

0309556406

9780585022468

0585022461

OCLC:

427374983