Live fire testing of the F-22 / Committee on the Study of Live Fire Survivability Testing of the F-22 Aircraft, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on the Study of Live Fire Survivability Testing of the F-22 Aircraft.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

F-22 (Jet fighter plane)--Testing--Government policy--United States.

F-22 (Jet fighter plane).

Airplanes, Military--United States--Combat survivability.

Airplanes, Military.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (141 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1995.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

The Live Fire Test Law mandates realistic survivability and lethality testing of covered systems or programs. A provision of the law permits the Secretary of Defense to waive tests if live fire testing would be "unreasonably expensive and impractical." Though no waiver was requested before the F-22 program entered engineering and manufacturing development, the Defense Department later asked that Congress enact legislation to permit a waiver to be granted retroactively. Rather than enact such legislation, Congress requested a study to explore the pros and cons of full-scale, full-up testing for the F-22 aircraft program. The book discusses the origin of testing requirements, evaluates the practicality, affordability, and cost-benefit of live fire tests, and examines the role of testing, modeling, and data bases in vulnerability assessment.

Contents:

Live Fire Testing of the F-22

Copyright

Preface

Contents

List of Abbreviations

Executive Summary

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS

Practicality and Cost-Benefit

Sufficiency

Vulnerability Assessment Tools

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Desirability of Waiver for the F-22 Tests

Changed Circumstances Since Milestone II

Affordability and Cost-Benefit

Sufficiency of Tests Planned for the F-22

Other Recommendations

Vulnerability Requirements

1 Introduction

VULNERABILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF OVERALL SURVIVABILITY

VULNERABILITY TESTING OF AIRCRAFT VERSUS GROUND VEHICLES

REPORT ORGANIZATION

REFERENCES

2 Origin of Testing Requirements

FRAMEWORK

F-22 LIVE FIRE TESTING REQUIREMENTS

The Live Fire Test Law-Requirements and Historical Interpretations

Recent Live Fire Test Guidelines and Interpretations

Recent Amendment to Waiver Provision of the Live Fire Test Law

REQUEST FOR A RETROACTIVE F-22 TEST WAIVER

Position on Vulnerability

Position on Full-Up, Full-Scale Testing

Confusion over Interpretation of the Law

Help from the Previous Committee

A Lingering Question

F-22 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR VULNERABILITY

DISPOSITION OF PRIOR COMMITTEE'S RECOMMENDATIONS

SUMMARY

Requirements Background

What Changed to Cause Request for Waiver

F-22 Design Requirements for Vulnerability

Disposition of Previous Recommendations

3 Practicality, Affordability, and Cost-Benefit

PRACTICALITY

Relative Importance of Vulnerability Reduction to F-22 Survivability

Realism in Aircraft Testing

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Level 4

Destructive Versus Nondestructive Testing

Expert Opinion

AFFORDABILITY

Affordability of Full-Up, Full-Scale Testing

Investment Methodology for F-22 Vulnerability Tests.

COST-BENEFIT METHODOLOGY

CONCLUSIONS

4 Sufficiency of F-22 Testing Plans

F-22 THREAT ENVIRONMENT AND ITS REPLICATION

OVERVIEW OF THE AIR FORCE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM

EVALUATION OF THE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM

Structure and Integral Fuel Tanks

Description and Attendant Vulnerabilities

Planned Analyses and Tests

Assessment

Suggested Revisions

Fuel System and Associated Dry Bays

Flight Control and Auxiliary Systems

Weapons Bay and Ordnance

Engines

Flight Crew

Fire Protection Systems

Combustibles

Fire Detection.

Dry Bay Fire Protection

Fuel System Explosion Suppression

Dry Bay Fire Extinguishing

Evaluation Plan for Halon Replacement

Dry Bay Foam

Synergistic Effects

ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS

Adequacy of F-22 Threat Definition and Replication

Overall Sufficiency

Specific Actions

Additional Action

5 Vulnerability Assessment Tools.

ROLE OF TESTING, MODELING, AND DATA BASES IN VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

DOCUMENTATION

DATA BASES

MODELS

Phenomenological Models

Encounter Models

Models Used by the F-22 System Program Office

Large-Scale Effects

6 Recommendations

DESIRABILITY OF WAIVER FOR THE F-22 TESTS

COST-BENEFIT METHODOLOGY

SUFFICIENCY OF TESTS PLANNED FOR THE F-22

OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS

Appendix A Meetings, Site Visits, and Discussions

COMMITTEE MEETING: DECEMBER 21-22, 1994 WASHINGTON, D.C.

Participants

Objectives

Presentations

COMMITTEE MEETING AND SITE VISIT: JANUARY 19-20, 1995 F-22 SYSTEM PROGRAM OFFICE, WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, OHIO

MEETING TO DISCUSS PREVIOUS NRC REPORT: FEBRUARY 8, 1995, SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION (SAIC), TYSONS ...

Objective

COMMITTEE MEETING: FEBRUARY 16-17, 1995 WASHINGTON, D.C.

Round-Table Question-and-Answer Session

SITE VISIT: FEBRUARY 21, 1995 NAVAL AIR WARFARE CENTER, CHINA LAKE, CALIFORNIA

COMMITTEE MEETING: MARCH 21-22, 1995 WASHINGTON, D.C.

COMMITTEE MEETING: APRIL 27-28, 1995 WASHINGTON, D.C.

PANEL MEETING: MARCH 3, 1995 ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO

Appendix B Live Fire Test Law U.S. Code, Title 10, Section 2366, 1994

Appendix C Department of Defense F-22 Waiver Request

A BILL [ENCLOSURE A]

Section Live-Fire Survivability Testing of F-22 Aircraft

PLAN FOR ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE VULNERABILITY OF THE F-22 AIRCRAFT [ENCLOSURE B]

Systems Engineering Approach.

Requirements Definition

Detailed Analyses

Ballistic Tests

Test Descriptions

Material Tests

Component Tests

Subassembly Tests

Wing Box Subassembly Tests

Aft Side of Body Subassembly Tests

Fuselage Fuel Tank Subassembly

Dry Bay Subassembly Tests

Engine Tests

On-Board Ordnance

Aircraft Battle Damage Repair (ABDR)

High Power Microwave (HPM) Test

Laser Tests

Chemical Testing

Model Enhancements

Crew Casualties

SECTION BY SECTION ANALYSIS [ENCLOSURE C]

Live-Fire Survivability Testing of F-22 Aircraft

Appendix D Vulnerability Assessment Process

WHAT ARE THE THREATS TO MILITARY AIRCRAFT?

WHAT IS AIRCRAFT VULNERABILITY?

Critical Components and Essential Functions

Kill Modes

The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

The Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)

The Kill Tree

WHAT IS A VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT?

HOW IS VULNERABILITY MEASURED?

WHAT ARE THE TWO METHODOLOGIES USED TO ASSESS VULNERABILITY?

Analysis/Modeling

Vulnerability to a Single Hit by a Penetrator or Fragment

Vulnerability to a Contact-Fuzed High-Explosive Warhead

Vulnerability to an Externally Detonating High-Explosive Warhead

Results from the Analyses

REFERENCES.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

9786610192953

9780309176231

0309176239

9781280192951

128019295X

9780309588362

0309588367

9780585084701

058508470X

OCLC:

43475637