Emerging infections : microbial threats to health in the United States / Joshua Lederberg, Robert E. Shope, and Stanley C. Oaks, Jr., editors.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Emerging Microbial Threats to Health.

Contributor:

Lederberg, Joshua.

Shope, Robert E.

Oaks, S. C.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Emerging infectious diseases--United States.

Emerging infectious diseases.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (308 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1992.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

The emergence of HIV disease and AIDS, the reemergence of tuberculosis, and the increased opportunity for disease spread through international travel demonstrate the critical importance of global vigilance for infectious diseases. This volume highlights risk factors for the emergence of microbial threats to health, warns against complacency in public health, and promotes early prevention as a cost-effective and crucial strategy for maintaining public health in the United States and worldwide. The volume identifies infectious disease threats posed by bacteria and viruses, as well as protozoans, helminths, and fungi. Rich in information, it includes a historical perspective on infectious disease, with focuses on Lyme disease, peptic ulcer, malaria, dengue, and recent increases in tuberculosis. The panel discusses how "new" diseases arise and how "old" ones resurge and considers the roles of human demographics and behavior, technology and industry, economic development and land use, international travel and commerce, microbial adaptation and change, and breakdown of public health measures in changing patterns of infectious disease. Also included are discussions and recommendations on disease surveillance; vaccine, drug, and pesticide development; vector control; public education and behavioral change; research and training; and strengthening of the U.S. public health system. This volume will be of immediate interest to scientists specializing in all areas of infectious dieseases and microbiology, healthy policy specialists, public health officials, physicians, and medical faculty and students, as well as anyone interested in how their health can be threatened by infectious diseases.

Contents:

EMERGING INFECTIONS

Copyright

Preface

Acknowledgments

Contents

Executive Summary

RECOGNITION

INTERVENTION

The U.S. Public Health System

Research and Training

Vaccine and Drug Development

VACCINES

ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS

Vector Control

Public Education and Behavioral Change

1 Background

PLAGUE

INFLUENZA

OPTIMISM AND INDIFFERENCE

Sanitation and Hygiene

Quarantine

Smallpox

Poliomyelitis

TROUBLE AHEAD

Lyme Disease

Peptic Ulcer

Malaria

Dengue

Tuberculosis

NEXT STEPS

2 Factors in Emergence

THE CONCEPT OF EMERGENCE

HUMAN DEMOGRAPHICS AND BEHAVIOR

Population Growth, Density, and Distribution

DENGUE

Immunosuppression

Sexual Activity and Substance Abuse

TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY

Modern Medicine

HEALTH CARE DELIVERY

PREVENTION OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

Food Processing and Handling

AGRICULTURAL CONDITIONS AND PRACTICES

FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGIES

DEMOGRAPHICS

CONSUMER ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR

COMMERCE

DIET AND FOOD PREPARATION

Trichinosis

Anisakiasis

Water Treatment

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE

Dam Building and Rift Valley Fever

Reforestation and Lyme Disease

Global Warming

INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL AND COMMERCE

Travel

MALARIA

Commerce

HANTAAN AND RELATED HANTAVIRUSES

THE FILOVIRUSES

MICROBIAL ADAPTATION AND CHANGE

Natural Variation/Mutation

RNA VIRUSES

Influenza A Virus

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

DNA VIRUSES

Hepatitis B Virus

BACTERIA

Brazilian Purpuric Fever

Selective Pressure and the Development of Resistance

RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS

Pneumococci

Staphylococci and Enterococci

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

RESISTANCE TO ANTIVIRALS

Acyclovir and Herpes Simplex Virus.

Zidovudine and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1

RESISTANCE TO ANTIMALARIALS

VECTOR RESISTANCE TO PESTICIDES

New Understandings: Microbes as Cofactors in Chronic Disease

HUMAN T-CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS TYPES I AND II

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS

BREAKDOWN OF PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURES

Inadequate Sanitation: Cholera

Complacency

INADEQUATE LEVELS OF IMMUNIZATION: MEASLES

War

3 Addressing the Threats

Surveillance in Action: The World Health Organization's Smallpox Eradication Program

LESSONS FROM THE SMALLPOX EXPERIENCE

Current U.S.-Supported Surveillance Efforts

DOMESTIC EFFORTS

Notifiable Diseases Surveillance

Nosocomial Infections Surveillance

Outbreak Surveillance

Influenza Surveillance

Access to Surveillance Information

INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS

Past Successes

Loss of Capacity

Current Efforts

Multilateral International Surveillance Efforts

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION

The Concept of Global Surveillance

THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

OTHER PROGRAMS

VECTOR-CONTROL RESOURCES

PESTICIDES FOR VECTOR CONTROL

References

Appendixes

A Task Forces

TASK FORCE 1

Bacteria, Rickettsiae, and Chlamydiae

TASK FORCE 2

Viruses

TASK FORCE 3

Protozoans, Helminths, and Fungi

TASK FORCE 4

Policy Options

TASK FORCE 5

Recommendations

B Catalog of Emerging Infectious Disease Agents

EMERGENT BACTERIA, RICKETTSIAE, AND CHLAMYDIAE

Aeromonas

Borrelia burgdorferi

Campylobacter jejuni.

Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR Strain)

Chlamydia trachomatis

Clostridium difficile

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

Escherichia coli O157:H7

Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius

Helicobacter pylori

Legionella pneumophila

Listeria monocytogenes

Staphylococcus aureus (and Toxic Shock Syndrome)

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A)

Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio vulnificus

EMERGENT VIRUSES

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Agent

California Serogroup Viruses (LaCrosse, Jamestown Canyon, California Encephalitis)

Chikungunya Virus

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus

Dengue Virus

Filoviruses (Marburg, Ebola)

Hantaviruses (Hantaan, Puumala, and Seoul)

Hepatitis C Virus

Hepatitis E Agent

Human Herpesvirus-6

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Types 1 and 2

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Human Parvovirus B19

Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV), Types 1 and 2

Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Lassa Virus

Measles Virus

Norwalk and Norwalk-like Agents

Rabies Virus

Rift Valley Fever Virus

Ross River Virus

Rotavirus

Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) Virus

Yellow Fever Virus

EMERGENT PROTOZOANS, HELMINTHS, AND FUNGI

Anisakis

Babesia

Candida

Crytococcus

Cryptosporidium

Giardia lamblia

Microsporidia

Plasmodium

Pneumocystis carinii

Strongyloides stercoralis

Toxoplasma gondii

C Global Resources for Infectious Disease Surveillance

U.S. and U.S. Affiliated

U.S. Department of Defense

Public Health Service

International

World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

Pasteur Institutes

D Committee and Staff Biographies

COMMITTEE

STAFF

Glossary

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Index.

Notes:

"Committee on Emerging Microbial Threats to Health, Division of Health Sciences Policy, Division of International Health, Institute of Medicine."

Includes bibliographical references (p. 170-191) and index.

ISBN:

9786610196333

9781280196331

1280196335

9780309584630

0309584639

9780585020150

0585020159

OCLC:

42328757