Coatings for high-temperature structural materials : trends and opportunities / Committee on Coatings for High-Temperature Structural Materials, National Materials Advisory Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Coatings for High-Temperature Structural Materials.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Heat resistant materials.

Refractory coating.

Gas-turbines--Blades--Materials.

Gas-turbines.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (101 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1996.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

A report assessing coatings materials and processes for gas-turbine blades and vanes, examining potential applications in high-temperature environments. Discusses required inspection, repair, and maintenance methods, and reviews promising areas for research and development of materials and processes

Contents:

Coatings for High-Temperature Structural Materials

Copyright

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Preface

Contents

Acronyms

Executive Summary

TRENDS

High-Temperature Coatings Design

High-Temperature Coating Types

Processes for Applying Coatings

Degradation Modes

Engineering Considerations

Life-Cycle Factors

NEAR-TERM OPPORTUNITIES

Concurrent Development of High-Temperature Coatings and Substrate Materials

Oxidation and Hot-Corrosion-Resistant Coating Development

Thermal Barrier Coating Development

Analytical Methods and Models

Repair and Overhaul

Nondestructive Evaluation

LONG-TERM OPPORTUNITIES AND INNOVATIONS

Innovative Coating Architectures

Other Innovative Concepts

1 Introduction

2 Application Needs and Trends

APPLICATION NEEDS

Aircraft Turbine Needs

Land-Based Turbine Needs

Marine Turbine Needs

CURRENT COMPONENT DESIGN AND BASE MATERIALS

ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENGINE COMPONENTS

Ceramics

Intermetallics

Refractory Metals

3 Materials and Processes

COATINGS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRUCTURES

Coatings for Superalloys

Coatings for Ceramics

Coatings for Refractory Metals

Coatings for Intermetallic Materials

COATING PROCESSES

Physical Vapor Deposition

Sputtering

Thermal Spray Processes

Diffusion Coating Methods

COATING PROCESS CONTROL

SUMMARY

4 Failure Modes

DEGRADATION MECHANISMS OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS

DEGRADATION MECHANISMS OF COATINGS

High-Temperature Oxidation

Hot Corrosion

Mechanical Distress

Solid-State Diffusion

Spallation

A CASE STUDY: DEGRADATION OF THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS

Plasma-Sprayed TBCs

EB-PVD TBCs

Erosion

RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES

5 Engineering Considerations

COMPATIBILITY OF COATINGS WITH STRUCTURAL MATERIALS.

Chemical (metallurgical) Compatibility

Process Compatibility

Mechanical Compatibility

COMPONENT COATABILITY

OTHER ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS

Coating Databases

Management of Air, Fuel, and Water

Influence of Coatings on Gas-Turbine Emissions

CONCURRENT COATING DEVELOPMENT

6 Refurbishment of Coated Structure

FACTORS AFFECTING COMPONENT LIFE

REPAIR OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE COATINGS

Importance and Need of Repair Technology

Current Status

Future Directions

STANDARD DESIGNATIONS FOR COATINGS

NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION

7 Near-Term Trends and Opportunities

THERMAL BARRIER COATING DEVELOPMENT

Analytical Methods

Modeling

8 Long-Term Opportunities and Innovative Systems

INNOVATIVE COATING ARCHITECTURES

Continuously Graded Coatings

Horizontally Layered Materials

Interphase Layers

Vertically Layered Materials

Three-Dimensional Structured Materials

OTHER INNOVATIVE CONCEPTS

Nanocrystalline Coatings and Substrates

Advanced Processing

Built-In Sensors for Condition Monitoring

Embedded Microchannels within TBC for Cooling

References

Appendix A Testing and Standards

NOMENCLATURE AND DESIGNATION

PROCESSING

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

CORROSION

EROSION

THERMAL PROPERTIES

MICROSTRUCTURE

INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES

CURRENT STANDARDS

American Society for Testing and Materials

Society of Automotive Engineers

Military Standards

British Standards Institute

DIN

Japan Institute of Standards

REFERENCES

Appendix B Radiation Transport in Thermal Barrier Coatings

Appendix C Survey of Nondestructive Evaluation Methods

OPTICAL METHODS

THERMAL METHODS

Optical-Source Infrared Radiometric Detection.

Other-Source Infrared Radiometric Detection

Radiometric Methods in Coating Deposition

Laser Acoustic Interferometric Imaging

Induced Current Methods

Injected Current Methods

Conventional Ultrasonic Methods

Laser Ultrasonics and Interferometric Detection

X-ray Methods

EMERGING NDE METHODS FOR INSPECTING COATING SYSTEMS

X-ray Thermal Imaging: Composition with Depth

Transient Grating Characterization Methods

Microwave Thermoreflectance

Modulated Stress Methods

Appendix D Modeling of Coating Degradation

CURRENT STATUS

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Thermal Barrier Coating Modeling

Life-Prediction Models

RECOMMENDATIONS

Appendix E Manufacturing Technologies of Coating Processes

DIFFUSION COATING PROCESSES

Pack Cementation

Out-of-Pack Methods

Chemical Vapor Deposition

THERMAL SPRAY PROCESSES

Plasma Spraying

Low-Pressure Plasma Spray

High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel Processes

PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION PROCESSES

SPUTTERING

ELECTROSPARK DEPOSITION

AUXILIARY PROCESSES

QUALITY CONTROL

Appendix F Example of a Coating Designation System

Appendix G Biographical Sketches of Committee Members.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

9786610192694

9780309176026

0309176026

9781280192692

1280192690

9780309578257

0309578256

9780585037080

0585037086

OCLC:

42330423