Understanding child abuse and neglect / Panel on Research on Child Abuse and Neglect, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Research on Child Abuse and Neglect.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Child abuse--United States--Prevention.

Child abuse.

Abused children--United States--Psychology.

Abused children.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (407 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1993.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

The tragedy of child abuse and neglect is in the forefront of public attention. Yet, without a conceptual framework, research in this area has been highly fragmented. This volume provides a comprehensive, integrated, child-oriented research agenda for the nation. Presents an overview of definitions and scope; etiology, consequences, treatment, and prevention; and infrastructure and ethics.

Contents:

Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect

Copyright

Preface

Contents

Tribute to Ray E. Helfer, M.D.

Summary

CHARGE TO THE PANEL

A DEVELOPMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITIONS

SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM

OVERVIEW OF ETIOLOGICAL MODELS

Individual Ontogenic Factors

Family Factors

Environmental and Community Factors

Social and Cultural Factors

Conclusions

PREVENTION

Risk Factors and Pathways to Prevention

Parental Enhancement Programs

Community-Based Prevention Programs

The Role of Cultural and Social Values in Prevention

CONSEQUENCES

Issues of Stigma, Bias, and Discrimination

Protective Factors

INTERVENTIONS AND TREATMENT

Treatment of Child Victims

Treatment of Adult Survivors

Treatment for Adult and Adolescent Sex Offenders

Family-Oriented Interventions

Family Income and Supplemental Benefits

Community-Based Interventions

Medical Treatment of Child Abuse

Child Protective Services

Child Welfare Services

Legal Intervention in Child Maltreatment

Social and Cultural Interventions

HUMAN RESOURCES, INSTRUMENTATION, AND RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE

The Research Community

Methodological Issues

Federal Funding for Research

State Roles in Research on Child Maltreatment

Private Foundations

ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES

Human Subjects Research Issues

Issues Derived from Research on Children and Families

Research on Socially Sensitive Topics

RESEARCH PRIORITIES

The Nature and Scope of Child Maltreatment

Understanding the Origins and Consequences of Child Maltreatment

Improving Treatment and Preventive Interventions

A Science Policy for Research on Child Maltreatment

REFERENCES

1 Introduction.

THE IMPORTANCE OF CHILD MALTREATMENT RESEARCH

RESEARCH ON CHILD MALTREATMENT IS CURRENTLY UNDERVALUED AND UNDEVELOPED

DIMENSIONS OF CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT

THE COMPLEXITY OF CHILD MALTREATMENT

Selection of Research Studies

A Comparison With Other Fields of Family and Child Research

THE IMPORTANCE OF A CHILD-ORIENTED FRAMEWORK

AN ECOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE

PREVIOUS REPORTS

REPORT OVERVIEW

NOTE

2 Identification and Definitions

REVIEW OF DEFINITIONS

PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING RESEARCH DEFINITIONS

SPECIFIC DEFINITIONAL ISSUES

Endangerment Versus Demonstrable Harm

Severity of Acts

Frequency of Acts

Class of Potential Perpetrators

Intent to Harm and Culpability of the Perpetrator

Developmental Level

Culturally Informed Definitions

IDENTIFICATION OF CHILD MALTREATMENT

Detection in Medical Settings

Reports to Child Protection Agencies

RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS

NOTES

3 Scope of the Problem

CURRENT ESTIMATES

Governmental Case Report Surveys

National Studies

National Incidence Studies

National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System

Private Sector Studies Using Case Reports

Population Surveys

Physical Abuse

Sexual Abuse

Prevalence of Abuse and Neglect in Disabled Children

International Comparisons

METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES

Definitional Issues

Unreported Abuse

Confusion of Prevalence and Incidence

Use of Administrative Data

Rate of Occurrence Versus Rate of Reporting

Sampling and Design Issues

Measurement

Effect of Mandatory Reporting

CONCLUSIONS

4 Etiology of Child Maltreatment

INDIVIDUAL ONTOGENIC FACTORS

Adult Personality Characteristics

Neglect.

Sexual Abuse

Emotional Maltreatment

Adult Attitudes, Attributions, and Cognition

Intergenerational Transmission of Abusive Parenting

Alcohol and Drugs

Biology and Child Maltreatment

Demographic Factors

Child Characteristics

THE FAMILY MICROSYSTEM

Family Functioning in Maltreating Families

Parenting Styles

Physical Discipline

Stressful Life Events and Child Maltreatment

THE EXOSYSTEM

Family Income/Poverty

Unemployment

Neighborhood Impact

THE MACROSYSTEM

Cultural and Social Values

Pornographic Materials

SUMMARY OF ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS

5 Prevention

OVERVIEW

Risk Factors and Preventive Interventions

Pathways to Parental Practices

Prevention Programs for Families with Young Children

Comprehensive Home Visitation Programs

Center-based Programs

Community-based Programs

Hospital-based Interventions

The Role of the States and Child Abuse Prevention Challenge Grants

School-Based Sexual Abuse Prevention Programs

Other Community-based Prevention Programs

Antipoverty and Vocational Training Programs

Educator and Child Care Staff Training

Violence Prevention in the Schools

Clergy and Religious Institutions

Media Roles

Bystander's Responses

Corporal Punishment

Use of Criminal Sanctions

6 Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect

CHILDHOOD

Medical and Physiological Consequences

Cognitive and Intellectual Consequences

Psychosocial Consequences

Behavioral Consequences

Effects of Witnessing Domestic Violence

ADOLESCENCE

Delinquency

Violence

Becoming a Runaway.

Intimacy, Sexual Problems, and Teenage Pregnancy

Alcohol Problems

Illicit Drug Use or Abuse

Self-Destructive Behavior, Depression, and Suicide Attempts

ADULTHOOD

Intergenerational Cycles of Abuse

Long-term Consequences of Child Maltreatment

ISSUES OF STIGMA, BIAS, AND DISCRIMINATION

INTERACTION OF RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS

Intelligence

Temperament

Cognitive Appraisal of Events

Relationship with a Significant Person

Placement Experiences and Foster Care

7 Interventions and Treatment

TREATMENT EFFORTS AT THE INDIVIDUAL LEVEL

Treatment for Adult Sex Offenders

Adolescent Sex Offenders

Self-Help Services for Abusive Adults

MICROSYSTEM APPROACHES: FAMILY-ORIENTED INTERVENTIONS

Parental Enhancement

Family Systems Treatment

Home-Based Services and Family Preservation Services

COMMUNITY EXOSYSTEM INTERVENTIONS

Intake and Assessment

Investigation and Substantiation

Case Management and Referrals

Foster Care

Criteria Regarding Out-of-Home Placement Decisions

Treatment for Children in Foster Care

SOCIAL/MACROSYSTEM INTERVENTIONS

8 Human Resources, Instrumentation, and Research Infrastructure

THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY

TRAINING ISSUES

INSTRUMENTATION ISSUES

INFORMATION SERVICES

FEDERAL FUNDING FOR RESEARCH ON CHILD MALTREATMENT

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Administration on Children, Youth, and Families

Public Health Service

Department of Justice.

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)

National Institute of Justice

Other Federal Departments

STATE ROLES IN RESEARCH ON CHILD MALTREATMENT

PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS

Human Resources

Training Programs

Research Infrastructure

9 Ethical and Legal Issues in Child Maltreatment Research

FRAMEWORK OF ANALYSIS

ISSUES IN RESEARCH ON HUMAN SUBJECTS

ETHICAL ISSUES IN CHILD MALTREATMENT RESEARCH

Recruitment of Subjects

Informed Consent and Deception

Assignment of Research Subjects

Privacy, Confidentiality, and Autonomy

Debriefing

RESEARCH ON CHILDREN AND FAMILIES

The Importance of Validity

Dissemination of Research Results

RESEARCH ON SOCIALLY SENSITIVE TOPICS

10 Priorities for Child Maltreatment Research

THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF CHILD MALTREATMENT

UNDERSTANDING THE ORIGINS AND CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD MALTREATMENT

IMPROVING TREATMENT AND PREVENTIVE INTERVENTIONS

A SCIENCE POLICY FOR RESEARCH ON CHILD MALTREATMENT

Appendixes

A Panel Activities

Survey Respondents

B Supplementary Views

C Biographical Sketches

Index.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9786610196630

9781280196638

1280196637

9780309544313

0309544319

9780585021669

058502166X

OCLC:

42328864