Restoring and protecting marine habitat : the role of engineering and technology / Committee on the Role of Technology in Marine Habitat Protection and Enhancement, Marine Board, Commission of Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Research Council Staff, Corporate Author.

Contributor:

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on the Role of Technology in Marine Habitat Protection and Enhancement.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Habitat conservation.

Marine ecology.

Restoration ecology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (211 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1994.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

The results of a study by the Marine Board of the National Research Council address the role of technology in protecting and restoring marine habitat. Subjects include degradation of marine habitats due to natural and human processes, scientific and engineering perspectives on habitat management, en

Contents:

Restoring and Protecting Marine Habitat

Copyright

Dedication

Foreword

Preface

BACKGROUND

THE NRC STUDY

REPORT ORGANIZATION

Acknowledgments

Contents

Executive Summary

DO PROTECTION, ENHANCEMENT, RESTORATION, AND CREATION TECHNOLOGIES WORK?

WHAT INSTITUTIONAL IMPROVEMENTS ARE NEEDED?

WHAT RESEARCH IS NEEDED TO ADVANCE THE STATE OF PRACTICE?

1 Introduction

MARINE HABITAT-A NATIONAL TREASURE IN DECLINE

Scope of Marine Habitat Degradation and Loss

Finding Balance Among Competing Objectives

THE CHALLENGE FOR COASTAL ENGINEERING

Overview of Scientific and Engineering Capabilities

Status of Science and Engineering

Scientific Tools and Techniques

Coastal Engineering Tools and Techniques

2 Scientific and Engineering Perspectives

ECOLOGICAL SETTING

THE SCOPE OF COASTAL ENGINEERING

IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE COASTAL ZONE

OBSERVATIONS ON THE IMPLICATIONS OF SEA LEVEL RISE TO THE APPLICATION OF PROTECTION AND RESTORATION TECHNOLOGY

DEFINING SUCCESS

SUMMARY

3 The State of Engineering Practice in Marine Habitat Management

RESTORATION TECHNICAL ISSUES

Functionality Following the Application of Technology

Use of Dredging and Dredged Material in Restoration

APPLYING TECHNOLOGY

Shoreline Engineering

Estuaries

Seagrass Meadows

Intertidal Marshes

Ecological Considerations

Restoring Intertidal Marshes

Mangrove Forests

Coral Reefs

Artificial Reefs

DREDGING AND DREDGED MATERIAL PLACEMENT

Historical Uses of Dredged Material

Dredging and Dredged Material Placement Technology

Application of Dredged Material to Habitat Protection and Restoration

Underwater Berms

Shallow Water Vegetated Habitats

Oyster Beds

ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINIMIZING OR AVOIDING IMPACTS TO MARINE HABITAT.

Improving Channel Design and Maintenance

Alternatives to Access Canals for Mineral Exploration and Production in Coastal Marshes

Directional Drilling

Spray Dredging

Air-Cushion Vehicles

Management of Wastewater and Storm Water

IMPLEMENTATION FACTORS AFFECTING USE OF TECHNOLOGY

Shoreline Change Predictive Capabilities

Time Scale Predictions

Spatial Scale Predictions

Performance of Habitat Protection and Restoration Projects

Professional Qualifications of Practitioners

Regulation of Restoration Projects

General Status of Restoration Regulation

4 The Application of Protection and Restoration Technology in Marine Habitat Management

CASE STUDY FINDINGS

5 Institutional Issues Affecting Marine Habitat Management

INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES

The Absence of National Direction

Conflicting Guidance

Limited Compliance, Monitoring, and Enforcement

Regulatory Programs and Constraints

Disincentives

The Lack of Incentives

Decision making

Professional Development

Education

Ecology Training for Engineers

Engineering Training for Scientists

Curriculum Needs

Continuing Professional Education

Professional Regulation

Public Education

Limited Information Transfer

6 Improving Project Performance

PROJECT PERFORMANCE

Restoration Project Failure

The Decision Model

THE DECISION PROCESS

Goals and Objectives

Project Design

Baseline Conditions

Design Protocols

Performance Criteria

Technology Transfer

Multidisciplinary Teamwork

Cost Effectiveness and Economies of Scale

Implementation and Construction

Performance Monitoring, Measurement and Analysis

Monitoring Regimes

Maintenance and Management

7 Research Needs

RESEARCH PROGRAMS RELEVANT TO MARINE HABITAT MANAGEMENT

Federal Programs.

State and Private Programs

Industry-Sponsored Research

Basic Research

Applied Research

Interagency Coordination

MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY NEEDS

Soils and Substrates

Vegetation

Physical Energy Systems

Socioeconomic Factors

ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY NEEDS

Placement and Stabilization of Dredged Material

Geotextiles

Specialized Equipment

Structural Design

Placement and Handling of Contaminated Sediments

Multipurpose Applications

8 Conclusions and Recommendations

DO HABITAT PROTECTION, ENHANCEMENT, RESTORATION, AND CREATION TECHNOLOGIES WORK?

Scientific Knowledge and Engineering Capabilities Can be Effectively Applied

A Multidisciplinary Approach Improves the Potential for Success

Determination of Project Success Depends on Sound Performance Criteria and Monitoring

A National Policy is Needed to Guide Marine Habitat Protection and Restoration

Implementation Goals and Objectives Are Essential

Institutional Mechanisms Need to be Improved

Continuing Professional Development Is Essential

APPENDIX A Biographical Sketches

APPENDIX B Case Studies

HABITAT ASSESSMENTS USING SPECIES LIFE HISTORIES

WATER WAY DEVELOPMENT IMPACTS IN THE SAVANNAH RIVER ESTUARY

CHESAPEAKE BAY PROTECTION AND RESTORATION INITIATIVES

Windmill Point, Virginia

Wetlands Restoration

Maryland Shore Erosion Control

Multipurpose Sites

TAMPA BAY WETLAND RESTORATIONS

SAN FRANCISCO BAY WETLANDS RESTORATION

ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF KIAWAH ISLAND, SOUTH CAROLINA

INLET ENGINEERING SEABROOK ISLAND AT SOUTH CAROLINA

MARSH RESTORATION AND CREATION USING DREDGED MATERIALS

Pointe Mouillee, Michigan.

Miller Sands Island, Oregon

Southwest Pass, Lower Mississippi River, Louisiana

CREATION OF SEA AND WADING BIRD NESTING ISLANDS IN NORTH CAROLINA

UNDERWATER FEEDER AND STABLE BERMS DAUPHIN ISLAND, MOBILE

ARTIFICIAL REEF TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

Artificial Reef Technology in Japan

Artificial Reef Technology in the United States

BIOENGINEERING APPLICATIONS FOR COASTAL RESTORATION

GIS APPLICATION IN MARINE HABITAT MANAGEMENT

APPENDIX C Source Reference Table

APPENDIX D Summary of Solicited Expert Accounts

References.

Notes:

"The program described in this report is supported by Cooperative Agreement No. 14-35-0001-30475 between the Minerals Management Service of the U.S. Department of Interior and the National Academy of Sciences"--T.p. verso.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-193).

ISBN:

9786610196586

9781280196584

1280196580

9780309585262

0309585260

9780585023885

0585023883

OCLC:

42329032