Alternative technologies for the destruction of chemical agents and munitions / Committee on Alternative Chemical Demilitarization Technologies [and] Board on Army Science and Technology [and] Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems [of the] National Research Council.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Alternative Chemical Demilitarization Technologies.

Contributor:

Longwell, John P.

National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Army Science and Technology.

National Research Council (U.S.). Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Chemical weapons disposal.

Chemical agents (Munitions).

Chemical weapons disposal--United States.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (341 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, DC : National Academy Press, 1993.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

The U.S. Army Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program was established to destroy the nation's stockpile of lethal unitary chemical weapons. Since 1990. the Army has been testing a baseline incineration technology at Johnston Island in the southern Pacific Ocean. Under the planned disposal program, this technology will be imported in the mid- to late 1990's to continental United States disposal facilities to be constructed at eight stockpile storage sites.

Contents:

""Alternative Technologies for the Destruction of Chemical Agents and Munitions""; ""Copyright""; ""Preface""; ""Contents""; ""Acronyms and Abbreviations""; ""Executive Summary""; ""REQUIREMENTS AND CONSIDERATIONS""; ""CHARACTERISTICS OF ALTERNATIVE DESTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES""; ""Low-Temperature, Low-Pressure, Liquid-Phase Detoxification""; ""Low-Temperature, Low-Pressure, Liquid-Phase Oxidation""; ""Moderate-Temperature, High-Pressure Oxidation""; ""High-Temperature, Low-Pressure Pyrolysis""; ""High-Temperature, Low-Pressure Oxidation""; ""WASTE STREAM HANDLING""; ""Gas Effluents""

""Treated Metal Parts and Containers""""Salts""; ""Liquid Wastes""; ""STRATEGIES AND SYSTEM IMPLICATIONS FOR DEMILITARIZATION""; ""Afterburners""; ""GENERAL OBSERVATIONS""; ""1 Introduction""; ""THE U.S. CHEMICAL STOCKPILE DISPOSAL PROGRAM""; ""RISK AND COMMUNITY CONCERNS""; ""ALTERNATIVE DEMILITARIZATION SYSTEMS""; ""TRANSPORTATION OF UNTREATED WEAPONS AND AGENTS""; ""PRIMARY GOALS AND STRATEGIES FOR DEMILITARIZATION""; ""SCOPE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY""; ""2 The U.S. Chemical Weapons Stockpile""; ""DESCRIPTION OF THE AGENTS""; ""Toxicity of the Agents""

""DESCRIPTION OF THE MUNITIONS""""GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE STOCKPILE""; ""SUMMARY""; ""3 U.S. and Foreign Experience with Chemical Weapons Destruction""; ""U.S. CHEMICAL DEMILITARIZATION EXPERIENCE""; ""CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENT DESTRUCTION IN OTHER COUNTRIES""; ""SUMMARY""; ""4 Requirements and Considerations for Chemical Demilitarization Technologies""; ""CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF AGENTS AND THEIR BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS""; ""WASTE STREAMS IN CHEMICAL WEAPONS DESTRUCTION""; ""PROCESSING RATES""; ""PERFORMANCE STANDARDS""; ""Worker Standards""; ""Air Quality Standards""; ""Liquid Wastes""

""Solid Wastes""""GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN ASSESSING UNTESTED ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES""; ""Decontamination Standards""; ""Chlorinated Dioxins""; ""MONITORING""; ""EFFLUENT RETENTION TIME REQUIREMENTS""; ""TIME REQUIRED FOR TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION""; ""TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION COSTS""; ""ASSESSMENT CRITERIA FOR ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES""; ""5 Thermal Treatment and Preprocessing and Postprocessing Operations""; ""PREPROCESSING OPERATIONS""; ""Cryoprocessing""; ""Mechanical Disassembly of Explosives, Propellants, and Solidified Agent""; ""THERMAL TREATMENT""

""POSTPROCESSING OPERATIONS""""Solid Wastes""; ""Control of Nitrogen Oxides""; ""Water Recycle""; ""Reduction of Waste Gas Volume""; ""Waste Gas Storage Requirement""; ""Storage and Retention Technologies""; ""Activated-Carbon (Charcoal) Adsorption Systems""; ""6 Low-Temperature, Liquid-Phase Processes""; ""CHEMICAL DETOXIFICATION PROCESSES""; ""GB (Sarin)""; ""VX""; ""H (Mustard)""; ""Reduction Methods Conceivably Applicable to GB, VX, and H""; ""DETOXIFICATION WITH IONIZING RADIATION""; ""LOW-TEMPERATURE AND LOW-PRESSURE OXIDATION PROCESSES""; ""Chemical Oxidation""

""Electrochemical Oxidation""

Notes:

Committee chairman: John P. Longwell.

Report of work supported by contract from Department of the Army.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 292-309) and index.

ISBN:

9786610196128

9781280196126

1280196122

9780309596350

0309596351

9780585144788

0585144788

OCLC:

814272275