Effects of health programs on child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa / Douglas C. Ewbank and James N. Gribble, editors ; Working Group on the Effects of Child Survival and General Health Programs on Mortality ... [et al.].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

National Research Council (U.S.). Working Group on the Effects of Child Survival and General Health Programs on Mortality.

Ewbank, Douglas C.

Gribble, James N.

Series:

Population dynamics of Sub-Saharan Africa.

Population dynamics of Sub-Saharan Africa

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Children--Africa, Sub-Saharan--Mortality.

Children.

Children--Diseases--Africa, Sub-Saharan--Prevention.

Children--Diseases--Treatment--Africa, Sub-Saharan.

Child health services--Africa, Sub-Saharan.

Child health services.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xv, 191 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, c1993.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Examines the effects of health interventions on infant and child mortality. Discussions of levels and trends of infant and child mortality and causes of death provide the background for an analysis of treatment and prevention strategies.

Contents:

Intro

Effects Of Health Programs on Child Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa

Copyright

Preface

Contents

Executive Summary

DISEASE- AND INTERVENTION-SPECIFIC FINDINGS

GENERAL CONCLUSIONS

1 Introduction

2 Trends in Mortality and Causes of Death in Africa

TRENDS IN CHILD MORTALTY

Data Collection and Estimation Techniques

Current Levels of Mortality and Trends Since 1960

CAUSES OF DEATH AMONG AFRICAN CHILDREN

Verbal Autopsies

Studies of Causes of Death Among Infants and Children

Effects of AIDS on Child Mortality

SUMMARY

3 Immunization Programs

MEASLES

EPIDEMIOLOGY

VACCINE EFFICACY

WHY AFRICA MIGHT BE DIFFERENT

EVIDENCE OF MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY EFFECTS FROM AFRICA

Effects of General Measles Immunization Programs

Effects of Measles Vaccinationin Field Trials and Model Programs

Vaccine Field Trial in Khombole, Senegal

Kasongo Project in Zaire

Pahou Primary Health Care Project, Benin

Estimates of Effect from Cases of Vaccine Failure

Effect of Programs on Incidence in Africa

NONLINEARITIES IN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COVERAGE AND EFFECT

Vaccination and Frequency of Epidemics

Effect of Vaccination on Age Distribution of Cases

Changes in the Proportion of Secondary Cases

Other Factors

PROGRAM HISTORY, COVERAGE, AND QUALITY

TREATMENT OF MEASLES (INCLUDING VITAMIN A)

PERTUSSIS (WHOOPING COUGH)

PERTUSSIS IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

Epidemiology

Vaccine Efficacy

PERTUSSIS IN AFRICA

PROGRAM EFFORT

TUBERCULOSIS AND LEPROSY

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS

PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS

EFFICACY OF BACILLE CALMETTE-GUÉRIN (BCG) VACCINATION

BCG Efficacy Against Tuberculosis in Africa

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LEPROSY

PROGRAM COVERAGE

TETANUS

EPIDEMIOLOGY.

PROGRAMS TO REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF NEONATAL TETANUS

Incidence of Neonatal Tetanus Among Hospital Deliveries

Evidence of the Effect of Training of Traditional Birth Attendants

Evidence of the Effect of Programs that Provide Tetanus Toxoid Immunization to Women

PROGRAMS TO REDUCE NONNEONATAL TETANUS MORTALITY

CONCLUSION

4 Other Interventions Targeted at Single Diseases

DIARRHEAL DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAMS

TREATMENT

MALARIA CONTROL PROGRAMS

MALARIA MORTALITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

PROGRAM OPTIONS

STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF MALARIA ERADICATION ON MORTALITY

Pare-Taveta Malaria Scheme (1954-1959)

Kisumu Project

Garki Project

PRESUMPTIVE TREATMENT OF FEVERS WITH ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS

Studies of the Effect of Programs Designed to Increase PresumptiveTreatment of Fevers with Chloroquine

Saradidi Health Development Project

Village Health Workers in The Gambia

Conclusions About the Effectiveness of Programs to Increase Presumptive Treatment

Studies of Self-Treatment

PROGRAMS BASED ON CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN

PROGRAMS BASED ON VECTOR CONTROL

ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS

INTERVENTIONS

5 Nutrition and Nutrition Programs

INTRODUCTION

PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION (PEM)

Causes of Malnutrition

Studies of Malnutrition and Mortality in Other Regions

Studies of the Relationship Among PEM, Morbidity, and Mortality in Africa

PEM and Morbidity

PEM and Mortality

PEM and Measles Mortality

Studies of the Effect of Nutrition Programs on Mortality in Africa

Supplementary Feeding Programs

Growth Monitoring

Programs Designed to Change Breastfeeding and Weaning

LOW BIRTHWEIGHT

Studies of the Relationship Between Low Birthweight and Mortality.

Risk Factors for Low Birthweight

Physically Demanding Work

Short Birth Intervals

Prenatal Care

Malaria

Effects of Programs on the Incidence of Low Birthweight

VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY

Studies of Vitamin A Deficiency, Morbidity, and Mortality

Studies of Vitamin A Supplementation and Mortality Reduction

6 Integrated and General Health Programs

CASE STUDIES OF LONG-TERM MORTALITY TRENDS

Mlomp, Senegal

Keneba, The Gambia, 1950-1984

Niakhar, Senegal, 1962-1989

HOSPITALS AND HEALTH CENTERS

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PROGRAMS

Village Health Workers

Pahou Primary Health Care Project

CHILD SURVIVAL AND EXPANDED PROGRAMS ON IMMUNIZATION

Evaluation of CCCD in Liberia

Evaluation of CCCD in Zaire

7 Conclusions and Recommendations

DISEASE- AND INTERVENTION-SPECIFIC CONCLUSIONS

Measles

Diarrheal Diseases

Acute Respiratory Infections

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ABOUT THE EVALUATION OF HEALTH PROGRAMS IN AFRICA

Appendix A Case Studies of Child Mortality

SIERRA LEONE (WESTERN AREA)

MACHAKOS, KENYA

NATIONAL ESTIMATES FOR KENYA

DAKAR AND SAINT-LOUIS, SENEGAL

NIAKHAR, SENEGAL

BAMAKO, MALI

MALUMFASHI, NIGERIA

FOUR PROVINCES OF SUDAN

KASONGO, ZAIRE

Appendix B Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Reports

References.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references (p. 166-191).

ISBN:

9786610196081

9781280196089

1280196084

9780309585866

0309585864

9780585025193

0585025193

OCLC:

923261262