Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines : evidence bearing on causality / Kathleen R. Stratton, Cynthia J. Howe, and Richard B. Johnston, Jr., editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Stratton, Kathleen R.

Howe, Cynthia J.

Johnston, Richard B., 1935-

Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Vaccine Safety Committee.

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Vaccination of children--Complications.

Vaccination of children.

Vaccines--Health aspects.

Vaccines.

Vaccines--Toxicology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (480 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1994.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Childhood immunization is one of the major public health measures of the 20th century and is now receiving special attention from the Clinton administration. At the same time, some parents and health professionals are questioning the safety of vaccines because of the occurrence of rare adverse events after immunization. This volume provides the most thorough literature review available about links between common childhood vaccines--tetanus, diphtheria, measles, mumps, polio, Haemophilus influenzae b, and hepatitis B--and specific types of disorders or death. The authors discuss approaches to evidence and causality and examine the consequences--neurologic and immunologic disorders and death--linked with immunization. Discussion also includes background information on the development of the vaccines and details about the case reports, clinical trials, and other evidence associating each vaccine with specific disorders. This comprehensive volume will be an important resource to anyone concerned about the immunization controversy: public health officials, pediatricians, attorneys, researchers, and parents.

Contents:

Adverse Events Associated with CHILDHOOD VACCINES

Copyright

Preface

Acknowledgments

Contents

1 Executive Summary

BACKGROUND AND HISTORY

THE CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE

THE STUDY PROCESS

CAUSALITY AND WEIGHT OF EVIDENCE

NEED FOR RESEARCH AND SURVEILLANCE

REFERENCES

2 Causality and Evidence

CAUSALITY

Definitions

Types of Causal Questions

Can It?

Did It?

Will It?

SOURCES OF EVIDENCE FOR CAUSALITY

Biologic Plausibility

Case Reports, Case Series, and Uncontrolled Observational Studies

Controlled Observational Studies

Controlled Clinical Trials

Combining the Evidence

SUMMARIZING THE EVIDENCE FOR CAUSALITY

3 Neurologic Disorders

DEMYELINATING DISEASE

Experimental Models

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

Multiple Sclerosis

Focal Lesions

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Historical Background

Clinical and Laboratory Features

Diagnostic Criteria

Antecedent Events

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Descriptive Epidemiology

Summary of Demyelinating Diseases

NON-DEMYELINATING DISEASE

Encephalopathy

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

Residual Seizure Disorder

Sensorineural Deafness

Neuropathy

Mononeuropathy

Brachial Neuritis

4 Immunologic Reactions

ANAPHYLAXIS

INTERACTION OF ANTIBODY WITH NORMAL TISSUE ANTIGENS

ARTHUS REACTION

DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY

EFFECT OF VACCINES ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

5 Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids

Tetanus

Diphtheria

BIOLOGIC EVENTS FOLLOWING IMMUNIZATION

ENCEPHALOPATHY

Clinical Description

History of Suspected Association

Evidence for Association

Biologic Plausibility.

Case Reports, Case Series, and Uncontrolled Observational Studies

Causality Argument

Conclusion

RESIDUAL SEIZURE DISORDER

DEMYELINATING DISEASES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Case Reports, Case Series. and Uncontrolled Observational Studies

GUILLAIN-BARRÉ SYNDROME

Risk-Modifying Factors

NEUROPATHY

ARTHRITIS

ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME

History of Suspected Association.

Evidence for Association

DEATH

6 Measles and Mumps Vaccines

Measles

Mumps

ENCEPHALOPATHY AND ENCEPHALITIS

ASEPTIC MENINGITIS

SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS

Case Reports, Case Series, and Uncontrolled Observational Studies.

Controlled Observational Studies

SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS

OPTIC NEURITIS

TRANSVERSE MYELITIS

Case Reports, Case Studies, and Uncontrolled Observational Studies

INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS

Plausibility

STERILITY DUE TO ORCHITIS

THROMBOCYTOPENIA

7 Polio Vaccines

POLIOMYELITIS

Risk-Modifying Factors.

ANAPHYLAXIS AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA.

Notes:

"Vaccine Safety Committee, Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Institute of Medicine."

"The project was supported by funds coordinated through the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (contract no. NO-AI-15130)"--T.p. verso.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 348-450) and index.

ISBN:

9786610196654

9781280196652

1280196653

9780309576321

0309576326

9780585158693

058515869X

OCLC:

817957626