Environmental transport processes / Bruce E. Logan.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Logan, Bruce E., author.

Contributor:

ebrary, Inc.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Environmental chemistry.

Environmental engineering.

Transport theory.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xii, 479 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley, [2012]

System Details:

text file

Summary:

For graduate students in environmental or chemical engineering, or other beginners taking a mass transport course, Logan (environmental engineering, Penn State U.) describes the fundamentals of transport processes occurring in natural environments, focusing on working with uncontrolled conditions involving biological and physical systems, with examples from fields like mass transport, kinetics, wastewater treatment, and unit processes. He covers transport and kinetics in terms of systems that involve microorganisms, and particles, size spectra, and calculations for particles that can be considered spheres or fractals. This edition has been revised and updated and has modern approaches and practice problems at the ends of chapters. It also has a new section on exoelectrogenic biofilms and dispersion in natural and engineered systems. Annotation ©2012 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Contents:

1 Introdction 1

1.1 Background l

1.2 Notation for chemical transport 2

1.3 Simplifications for environmental systems 5

1.4 Review of mass balances 11

2 Equilibrium Calculations 18

2.1 Introduction 18

2.2 Thermodynamic state functions 20

2.3 Chemical potentials 21

2.4 Gibbs free energy and equilibrium constants 23

2.5 Distribution of chemicals based on fugacities 25

3 Diffusive Transport 43

3.1 Introduction 43

3.2 Diffusion 43

3.3 Calculation of molecular diffusion coefficients 45

3.4 Effective diffusion coefficients in porous media 53

3.5 Experimental determination of diffusivities and molecular size spectra 59

4 The Constitutive Transport Equation 79

4.1 Introduction 79

4.2 Derivation of the general transport equation 80

4.3 Special forms of the general transport equation 81

4.4 Similarity of mass, momentum, and heat dispersion laws 84

4.5 Transport relative to moving coordinate systems 86

4.6 Simplified forms of the constitutive transport equation 89

4.7 The constitutive transport equation in cylindrical and spherical coordinates 91

5 Concertration Profiles and Chemical Fluxes 95

5.1 Introduction 95

5.2 The three theories of mass transport 95

5.3 Mass transport in radial and cylindrical coordinates using shell balances 112

6 Mass Transport Correlations: Form Theory to Empiricism 120

6.1 Definition of a mass transport coefficient 120

6.2 The three theories 121

6.3 Multiple resistances during interphase mass transport 125

6.4 Correlations for mass transport coefficients 132

6.5 Transport to spheres 135

7 Transport in Sheared Reactors 140

7.1 Introduction 140

7.2 Fluid shear and turbulence 141

7.3 Mass transport in steady sheared fluids 145

7.4 Mass transport in turbulent sheared fluids 148

7.5 Shear rates in mixed reactors 149

7.6 Chemical transport in bubbled reactors 158

8 Suspended Unattached and Aggregated Microorganisms 167

8.1 Introduction 167

8.2 Chemical transport to cells at rest 167

8.3 Effect of fluid motion on microorganisms 170

8.4 Transport to microbial aggregates 175

8.5 Effectiveness factors for mass transport 184

8.6 Relative uptake factors for mass transport 187

9 Biofilms 194

9.1 Introduction 194

9.2 Transport in the fluid layer above a biofilm 194

9.3 Biofilm kinetics 198

9.4 Modeling completely mixed biofilm reactors: rotating biological contactors 210

9.5 Modeling plug flow biofilm reactors: packed beds 213

9.6 Modeling wetted wall biofilm reactors: trickling filters 215

9.7 Electrogenic biofilms 225

10 Disperspn 232

10.1 Introduction 232

10.2 Averaging properties to derive dispersion coefficients in turbulent fluids 235

10.3 Dispersion in nonbounded turbulent sheared fluids 239

10.4 Longitudinal dispersion coefficients for defined systems 244

10.5 Dispersion in porous media 253

11 Rivers, Lakes, and Oceans 264

11.1 Introduction 264

11.2 Chemical transport in rivers 265

11.3 Mixing in lakes 273

11.4 Mixing in estuaries 277

11.5 Miiing in the ocean 279

11.6 Transport of chemicals present as pure phases 280

12 Chemical Transport in Porous Media 292

12.1 Introduction 292

12.2 Porous media hydraulics 292

12.3 Contaminant transport of conservative tracers 295

12.4 Transport with reaction 298

12.5 Transport with chemical adsorption 299

12.6 Formation of ganglia of nonaqueous phase-liquids 306

12.7 Mass transport calculations of chemical fluxes from NAPL ganglia 315

13 Particles and Fractals 331

13.1 Introduction 331

13.2 Particle size spectra 332

13.3 Solid particles and fractal aggregate geometries 336

13.4 Measuring particle size distributions 351

13.5 Calculating fractal dimensions from particle size distributions 353

14 Coagulation in Natural and Engineered Systems 362

14.1 Introduction 362

14.2 The general coagulation equations: integral and summation forms 363

14.3 Factors affecting the stability of aquasols 364

14.4 Coagulation kinetics: collision kernels for spheres 374

14.5 Fractal coagulation models 388

14.6 Coagulation in the ocean 397

15 Praticle Transport in Porous Media 408

15.1 Introduction 408

15.2 A macroscopic particle transport equation 409

15.3 Clean-bed filtration theory 411

15.4 Discrete particle size distributions prepared by filtration 426

15.5 The dimensionless collision number 432

15.6 Pressure drops in clean-bed filters 434

15.7 Particle accumulation in filters 435

15.8 Particle transport in aquifers 437.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Electronic reproduction. Palo Alto, Calif. : ebrary, 2011. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ebrary affiliated libraries.

OCLC:

794488271

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.