Green carbon dioxide : advances in CO2 utilization / edited by Gabriele Centi, Siglinda Perathoner.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Centi, G. (Gabriele), 1955-

Perathoner, Siglinda, 1958-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Carbon dioxide--Industrial applications.

Carbon dioxide.

Carbon dioxide mitigation.

Genre:

Electronic books.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (327 pages) : illustrations

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley, 2014.

System Details:

text file

Summary:

With this book as their guide, readers will learn a variety of new approaches and methods to recycle and reuse carbon dioxide (CO

Contents:

1 Perspectives and State of the Art in Producing Solar Fuels and Chemicals from CO₂ / Gabriele Centi Centi, Gabriele, Siglinda Perathoner Perathoner, Siglinda 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.1.1 GHG Impact Values of Pathways of CO₂ Chemical Recycling 3

1.1.2 CO₂ Recycling and Energy Vectors 7

1.2 Solar Fuels and Chemicals From CO₂ 8

1.2.1 Routes for Converting CO₂ to Fuels 9

1.2.2 H₂ Production Using Renewable Energy 11

1.2.3 Converting CO₂ to Base Chemicals 12

1.2.4 Routes to Solar Fuels 14

1.3 Toward Artificial Leaves 16

1.3.1 PEC Cells for CO₂ Conversion 17

1.4 Conclusions 19

Acknowledgments 20

References 20

2 Transformation of Carbon Dioxide to Useable Products Through Free Radical-Induced Reactions / G. R. Dey Dey, G. R. 25

2.1 Introduction 25

2.1.1 Background 26

2.2 Chemical Reduction of CO₂ 29

2.2.1 Photochemical Reduction of CO₂ 29

2.2.2 Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂ 38

2.3 Conclusions 46

Acknowledgments 46

References 46

3 Synthesis of Useful Compounds from CO₂ / Boxun Hit Hit, Boxun, Steven L. Suib Suib, Steven L. 51

3.1 Introduction 51

3.2 Photochemical Reduction 53

3.3 Electrochemical Reduction 55

3.4 Electrocatalylic Reduction 57

3.4.1 Transition Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts 58

3.4.2 Coordination Complexes 69

3.4.3 Enzymes 70

3.5 CO₂ Hydrogenation 71

3.5.1 Active Phases 71

3.5.2 Products of CO₂ Hydrogenation 74

3.5.3 Deactivation and Regeneration 77

3.5.4 Mechanisms of CO₂ Hydrogenation 79

3.6 CO₂ Reforming 84

3.7 Prospects in CO₂ Reduction 86

Acknowledgments 86

References 86

4 Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Liquid Fuels / Muthu Kumaran Gnanamani Gnanamani, Muthu Kumaran, Gary Jacobs Jacobs, Gary, Venkat Ramana Rao Pendyala Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao, Wenping Ma Ma, Wenping, Burtron H. Davis Davis, Burtron H. 99

4.1 Introduction 99

4.2 Methanation of Carbon Dioxide 100

4.3 Methanol and Higher Alcohol Synthesis by CO₂ Hydrogenation 102

4.4 Hydrocarbons Through Modified Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 105

4.5 Conclusions 114

References 115

5 Direct Synthesis of Organic Carbonates from CO₂ and Alcohols Using Heterogeneous Oxide Catalysts / Yoshinao Nakagawa Nakagawa, Yoshinao, Masayoshi Honda Honda, Masayoshi, Keiichi Tomishige Tomishige, Keiichi 119

5.1 Introduction 120

5.2 Ceria-Based Catalysts 122

5.2.1 Choice of Ceria Catalysts in Direct DMC Synthesis 122

5.2.2 Performances of the Ceria Catalyst in DMC Synthesis 123

5.2.3 Direct Synthesis of Various Organic Carbonates from Alcohols and CO₂ Without Additives 125

5.2.4 Reaction Mechanism 125

5.2.5 Ceria-Zirconia Catalysts 128

5.2.6 Modification of Ceria-Based Catalysts 129

5.2.7 Use of Acetonitrile as a Dehydrating Agent for DMC Synthesis 129

5.2.8 Use of Acetonitrile as Dehydrating Agent for Synthesis of Various Carbonates 132

5.2.9 Use of Benzonitrile as Dehydrating Agent 133

5.2.10 Deactivation of the Ceria Catalyst in the Presence of Benzonitrile 135

5.2.11 Use of Other Dehydrating Agents 136

5.3 Zirconia-Based Catalysts 137

5.3.1 Structure and Catalytic Performance of Zirconia 137

5.3.2 Modification of Zirconia Catalysts 139

5.3.3 Reaction Mechanism over Zirconia-Based Catalysts 140

5.3.4 Combination of Dehydrating Agents with Zirconia-Based Catalysts 144

5.4 Other Metal Oxide Catalysts 145

5.5 Conclusions and Outlook 145

References 146

6 High-Solar-Efficiency Utilization of CO₂: the STEP (Solar Thermal Electrochemical Production) of Energetic Molecules / Stuart Licht Licht, Stuart 149

6.1 Introduction 149

6.2 Solar Thermal Electrochemical Production of Energetic Molecules: an Overview 151

6.2.1 STEP Theoretical Background 151

6.2.2 STEP Solar-to-Chemical Energy Conversion Efficiency 155

6.2.3 Identification of STEP Consistent Endothermic Processes 161

6.3 Demonstrated STEP Processes 165

6.3.1 STEP Hydrogen 165

6.3.2 STEP Carbon Capture 165

6.3.3 STEP Iron 170

6.3.4 STEP Chlorine and Magnesium Production (Chloride Electrolysis) 178

6.4 STEP Constraints 180

6.4.1 STEP Limiting Equations 180

6.4.2 Predicted STEP Efficiencies for Solar Splitting of CO₂ 182

6.4.3 Scalability of STEP Processes 184

6.5 Conclusions 186

Acknowledgments 186

References 186

7 Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO₂ in Methanol Medium / M. Murugananthan Murugananthan, M., S. Kaneco Kaneco, S., H. Katsumata Katsumata, H., T. Suzuki Suzuki, T., M. Kumaravel Kumaravel, M. 191

7.1 Introduction 191

7.2 Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO₂ in Methanol Medium 193

7.2.1 Effect of Electrolyte Containing Salt 200

7.2.2 Effect of Electrode Materials 204

7.2.3 Effect of Potential 208

7.3 Mechanisms of CO₂ Reduction in Nonaqueous Protic (CH₃OH) Medium 210

7.4 Conclusions 211

References 213

8 Synthetic Fuel Production from the Catalytic Thermochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide / Navadol Laosiripojana Laosiripojana, Navadol, Kajomsak Faungnawakij Faungnawakij, Kajomsak, Suttichai Assabumnaigrat Assabumnaigrat, Suttichai 215

8.1 Introduction 215

8.2 General Aspects of CO₂ Reforming 218

8.3 Catalyst Selection for CO₂ Reforming Reaction 221

8.3.1 Active Components 221

8.3.2 Support and Promoter 226

8.4 Reactor Technology for Dry Reforming 228

8.5 Conversion of Synthesis Gas to Synthetic Fuels 230

8.5.1 Gas-to-Liquid 231

8.5.2 Methanol and DME 234

8.6 Conclusions 239

Acknowledgments 240

References 240

9 Fuel Production from Photocatalytic Reduction of CO₂ with Water Using TiO₂-Based Nanocomposites / Ying Li Li, Ying 245

9.1 Introduction 245

9.2 CO₂ Photoreduction: Principles and Challenges 246

9.3 TiO₂-Based Photocatalysts for CO₂ Photoreduction: Material Innovations 247

9.3.1 TiO₂ Nanopurticles and High-Surface-Area Support 247

9.3.2 Metal-Modified TiO₂ Photocatalysts 248

9.3.3 Metal-Modified TiO₂ Supported on Mesoporous SiO₂ 249

9.3.4 Nonmetal-Doped TiO₂ Photocatalysts 251

9.4 Photocatalysis Experiments 254

9.5 CO₂ Photoreductioa Activity 255

9.5.1 Cu/TiO₂-SiO₂ and Ce-TiO₂/SBA-15 Catalysts 255

9.5.2 Copper- and/or Iodine-Modified TiO₂ Catalysts 258

9.5.3 TiO₂ Polymorphs Engineered with Surface Defects 258

9.6 Reaction Mechanism and Factors Influencing Catalytic Activity 259

9.6.1 Effects of Cu and Iodine Modification on TiO₂ 259

9.6.2 Effect of O₂ on CO₂ Photoreduction 261

9.6.3 In Situ DRIFTS Analysis on Surface Chemistry 261

9.7 Conclusions and Future Research Recommendations 265

References 265

10 Photocatalytic Reduction of CO₂ to Hydrocarbons Using Carbon-Based AgBr Nanocomposites Under Visible Light / Mudar Abou Asi Asi, Mudar Abou, Chun He He, Chun, Qiong Zhang Zhang, Qiong, Zuocheng Xu Xu, Zuocheng, Jingling Yang Yang, Jingling, Linfei Zhu Zhu, Linfei, Yanling Huang Huang, Yanling, Ya Xiong Xiong, Ya, Dong Shu Shu, Dong 269

10.1 Introduction 269

10.2 Mechanism of Photocatalytic Reduction for CO₂ 270

10.3 Carbon Dioxide Reduction 271

10.4 AgBr Nanocomposites 274

10.4.1 Preparation of Catalyst 275

10.4.2 Characterization of Carbon-Based AgBr Photocatalysts 275

10.4.3 Photocatalytic Reduction Activity of Carbon-Based AgBr Nanocomposites 276

10.4.4 Stability of Carbon-Based AgBr Nanocomposites and Electron Transfer Mechanism 279

10.5 Conclusions 283

Acknowledgments 283

References 284

11 Use of Carbon Dioxide in Enhanced Oil Recovery and Carbon Capture and Sequestration / Suguru Uemura Uemura, Suguru, Shohji Tsushima Tsushima, Shohji, Shuichiro Hirai Hirai, Shuichiro 287

11.1 Introduction 287

11.2 Enhanced Oil Recovery 288

11.2.1 Oil Production Stages 288

11.2.2 Physicochemical Mechanism of CO₂ EOR 290

11.2.3 Phase Equilibrium of CO₂ and Oil Binary Mixture 291

11.2.4 Minimum Miscibility Pressure 292

11.2.5 Implementation of EOR 293

11.3 Carbon Capture and Sequestration 294

11.3.1 Background and Basis of CCS 294

11.3.2 CCS with Micronized CO₂ 295

11.3.3 Experimental CO₂ Micronization 295

11.3.4 Experimental Results 296

11.3.5 Droplet Diameter Distribution in the CO₂ Emulsion 297

11.4 Future Tasks 298

11.5 Summary 298

References 298.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

Local Notes:

Electronic reproduction. Palo Alto, Calif. : ebrary, 2014. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ebrary affiliated libraries.

Other Format:

Print version: Green carbon dioxide : advances in CO2 utilization.

ISBN:

9781118831939

OCLC:

857743875

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.