Qualitative methods in social work research / Deborah K. Padgett, New York University.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Padgett, Deborah, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Social service--Research--Methodology.

Social service.

Local Subjects:

Social service--Research--Methodology.

Physical Description:

xxiii, 327 pages ; 23 cm

Edition:

Third edition.

Place of Publication:

Los Angeles : SAGE, [2017]

Summary:

Qualitative Methods in Social Work Research provides accessible, how-to instruction for carrying out rigorous qualitative research. The thoroughly revised Third Edition offers a comprehensive introduction to qualitative methods based on six major approaches: ethnography, grounded theory, case study, narrative, phenomenological, and participatory action research. Readers will appreciate the book's ease of use, friendly writing style, and helpful cases/examples that combine attention to methodological rigor with pragmatic concerns for real-world relevance. Book jacket.

Contents:

1 Qualitative Methods in Context 1

Differences From and Similarities With Quantitative Methods 1

The Intellectual Life Course of Qualitative Methods 3

The Formative Years 3

The Rise of Quantification and Operationalism 5

Epistemological Differences Among Qualitative Researchers 6

The Pragmatic Middle Ground 8

Evidence-Based Practice and Implementation Science 9

Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks in Qualitative Inquiry 11

Some Are a Better Fit Than Others 11

Analytic Induction and Abduction: Nondeductive Thinking 12

The Importance of Concepts 13

The Place and Timing of Theories in Qualitative Studies 14

Reasons for Doing Qualitative Research 16

Desirable Qualities and Skills in the Qualitative Researcher-as-Instrument 18

Studying the Familiar Versus the Unfamiliar 20

Values and Social Responsibility in Qualitative Research 21

Introducing the New York Services Study (NYSS) and the New York Recovery Study (NYRS) 22

Summary and Concluding Thoughts 24

Exercises 24

Additional Readings 25

Journals That Feature Qualitative Studies and Methods 26

Websites for Qualitative Methods 27

Selected Monographs 27

2 Choosing the Right Qualitative Approach(es) 31

Six Primary Approaches in Qualitative Research 31

Ethnography 31

Grounded Theory 33

Case Study Analysis 35

Narrative Approaches 38

Phenomenological Analysis 41

Action and Community-Engaged Research 42

The Six Approaches Revisited: Change Over Time 45

Mixing and Matching Qualitative Approaches: Risks and Benefits 48

Introducing Strategies for Rigor and Trustworthiness 50

Qualitative Methods in Program Evaluation and Implementation Research 51

Summary and Concluding Thoughts 52

Exercises 53

Additional Readings 53

Websites Related to CBPR 56

3 Designing the Study and Getting Started 57

Prologue: Addressing Ethical Considerations Early On 57

Flexible and Iterative Designs 58

Choosing the Topic and Making the Argument 58

Reviewing the Literature 59

Developing a Conceptual Framework 60

Formulating Research Questions 60

Designing the Study 62

Questions Posed (and Needing Answers) by Qualitative Research Designs 63

The Element of Time 64

Specific Aspects of Qualitative Designs 65

Using Multiple Qualitative Methods at Different Levels 67

Sampling and Selection Strategies 67

Sample Size Considerations 70

Recruiting and Retaining Study Participants 70

How Many Interviews? Issues of Quantity and Quality 72

Getting Permission(s) and Obtaining Rapport 72

Presentation of Self 74

Research Self-Disclosure: How Much is Enough? Too Much? 75

Issues of Identity: Gender, Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Social Class 76

Summary and Concluding Thoughts 77

Exercises 77

Additional Readings 78

4 Ethical and Emotional Issues in Qualitative Research 79

Deception and Disclosure 79

Informed Consent 81

Coercion and "Deformed" Consent 82

Confidentiality and Privacy 83

Distress and Emotional Harm 84

Incentives, Payback, and Maintaining Goodwill 85

Institutional Review Boards and Qualitative Research 86

Dealing With Moral Ambiguity and Risk 87

Ethical Issues in Community-Engaged Research 90

Ethical Issues in Cross-National Research 92

Taking It Personally: Emotions in Qualitative Research 93

Socially Responsible Research as Ethical Research 95

Summary and Concluding Thoughts 95

Exercises 96

Additional Readings 96

5 Data Collection: Observation, Interviewing, and Use of Documents 99

Observation in Qualitative Studies 99

"Doing" Observation: The Best (and Only True) Way to Learn 101

Recording Observational Data 102

Uses of Video and Photography 105

In-Depth Interviewing 108

Critiques of Interviewing: Realism and Authenticity 108

Informal Field Interviews 111

Focus Group Interviews 111

Individual Interviews 114

Linked Interviews 116

Interviewing Children and Other Vulnerable Populations 116

Key Informant, Elite, and Expert Interviews 117

Developing the Interview Guide 118

Elicitation Techniques in Qualitative Interviews 120

Interview Guides for Second (and Third) Interviews 121

A Few Guidelines for Starting Out 122

Conducting the Interview: The Importance of Probes 123

After the Interview 124

Matching Interviewers to Respondents: The Effects of Age, Gender, Race, and Other Characteristics 126

Common Problems and Errors in Qualitative Interviewing 127

Emotional Issues in Interviewing 129

Interviewing in a Non-English Language 129

Interviewing Across the Digital Landscape 130

Use of Audio and Video Recorders 132

Using Documents and Other Archival Materials 133

Ending Data Collection 134

Summary and Concluding Thoughts 135

Exercises 136

Additional Readings 137

6 Data Analysis 141

Data Management: Dealing With Volume Early On 142

Using Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) Software 142

Teams, Multiple Users, and Cross-Site Databases 144

Transcribing Interviews 145

Translating and Transcribing in a Hon-English Language 148

Qualitative Data Analysis: Beginning The Search for Meaning 149

Case Summaries 151

Theories and Concepts in Qualitative Data Analysis 151

Data Analysis in Diverse Qualitative Approaches 152

Content Analysis 152

Ethnography and Data Analysis 153

Case Study Analysis 155

Data Analysis in Narrative Approaches 156

Phenomenological Analyses 159

Action and Community-Based Participatory Research 159

Analysis in Longitudinal Designs 160

Analyzing Visual Data 161

Coding 163

Varied Approaches to Coding and Co-Coding 163

Starting Out: Identifying Code-Worthy Material 164

Labeling Coded Material and Developing a Codebook 169

Documenting Coding Procedures 175

Comparing and Contrasting: Memo Writing as Forward Motion 176

Secondary Analyses of Qualitative Data 177

Hybrid and Mixed Qualitative Approaches 178

Summary and Concluding Thoughts 179

Exercises 180

Additional Readings 180

QDA Soft-ware Resources 181

7 Interpretation: Recognizing Salience 183

The Role of the Researcher(s) 184

Framing Devices to Assist in Interpretation 185

Using Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) Software for Interpretation 186

Saturation 187

Bringing Theor(ies) in 188

An Example of a Conceptual Schema 190

Salience Through Absence: What Is Not Said (or Seen) 190

Feminist and Other Critiques in Interpretation 193

Rhetorical Devices 194

Negative Case Analysis and Disconfirmation 197

The Six Approaches Revisited 198

Qualitative Meta-Synthesis as Meta-Interpretation 202

In Pursuit of Methodological Transparency 206

Summary and Concluding Thoughts 206

Exercises 207

Additional Readings 207

8 Strategies for Rigor and Trustworthiness 209

Evaluating Qualitative Research 209

Evaluative Criteria and External Standards 210

In the Eye of the Beholder? 210

Attending to Rigor and Trustworthiness 211

The Meaning(s) of Generalizability in Qualitative Methods 212

Threats to the Trustworthiness of Qualitative Studies 213

Strategies for Rigor in Qualitative Research 214

Prolonged Engagement 214

Triangulation of Data 215

Peer Debriefing and Support 216

Member Checking 219

Negative Case Analysis 220

Auditing-Leaving a Decision Trail 220

Strategies for Rigor Applied to the Six Qualitative Approaches 221

Dilemmas of Rigor in Action-Oriented Research 222

Appraising Quality: The Rise of Checklists, Criteria, and Guidelines 223

In Search of the Big Tent: Balancing Rigor and Relevance 225

Summary and Concluding Thoughts 227

Exercises 228

Additional Readings 228

9 Telling the Story: Writing the Qualitative Study 231

Preparing to Write: Key Decision Points 232

Identifying the Audience 232

The Researcher's Role in the Report 233

Using Numbers in the Report 234

Authorship and Coauthorship Decisions 235

Authorship in and From Dissertations: A Negotiation With Few Rules 237

Organizing the

Report-Key Components 239

Qualitative Reports Across the Diverse Approaches 240

Balancing Description and Interpretation 241

Writing Stance and Style 243

Rhetorical Devices Suited to Qualitative Studies 243

Writing Style: Rhythm and Grab 244

Use of Metaphors and Other Tropes 245

Challenges and Rewards of Publishing 245

Criteria for Review: The Qualitative Dilemma 249

Summary and Concluding Thoughts 251

Exercises 252

Additional Readings 252

10 Mixed Methods 255

The Epistemology Question in Mixed Methods 256

The Rise of Mixed Methods and Their Rationale(e) 257

Integrating Mixed Methods 257

Types of Mixed Methods Designs 258

Sequential Designs 259

Concurrent Designs 260

Complicated Designs 262

Mixed Methods: Ways of Going About It 263

Structural and Design Decisions: What, When, and How? 263

Incorporating Existing Measures Into Qualitative Interviews 266

Quantifying Qualitative Data 266

Examples of Mixed Methods Studies: Implementation and Action Research 269

Writing the Mixed Methods Report 271

Challenges for Mixed Methods Studies 273

Mixed Method Approaches to Program and Practice Evaluation 275

Summary and Concluding Thoughts 276

Exercises 277

Additional Readings 277.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 287-313) and index.

ISBN:

9781452256702

1452256705

OCLC:

933765466