Principles of animal research for graduate and undergraduate students / [edited by] Mark A. Suckow, Kay L. Stewart.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Suckow, Mark A., editor.

Stewart, Kay L., editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Animal experimentation.

Animal experimentation--Moral and ethical aspects.

Animal Experimentation.

Animals, Laboratory.

Research.

Medical Subjects:

Animal Experimentation.

Animals, Laboratory.

Research.

Physical Description:

xv, 269 pages : illustrations (mostly color) ; 24 cm

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam : Academic Press, [2017].

Summary:

Principles of Animal Research is the first publication to offer a broad look at animal research science for a student, early researcher, or technician. Offering guidance for all aspects of the research experience, including the research and development of a thesis, model selection, experimental design, IACUC protocol preparation, and animal husbandry and technical procedural needs, the book is a necessary addition to every student, technician, and researcher's education. This book: Provides background material for students to understand the broader backdrop against which animal research is undertaken, Includes ethical and regulatory information, Covers commonly used animal models and the process to choose a model for biomedical research Book jacket.

Contents:

Chapter 1 Brief Historical Overview on the Use of Animals in Research / M.A. Suckow Suckow, M.A., K.L. Stewart Stewart, K.L. 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Early Attitudes Toward Animal Health and Disease 2

1.2.1 Early Relationship of Man With Animals 2

1.2.2 Animal Disease as a Way to Learn About Human Disease 2

1.3 Development and Emergence of New Animal Models 4

1.4 Improvements in Approaches to Animal Care 5

1.4.1 Cages 5

1.4.2 Food and Water 7

1.4.3 Environmental Parameters 8

1.5 Summary 9

References 9

Chapter 2 Philosophical and Ethical Foundations / K.L. Rogers Rogers, K.L. 11

2.1 Basic Approaches 11

2.1.1 Traditional View 11

2.1.2 Anticruelty View 12

2.1.3 The Development of Contractarianism 12

2.1.4 Utilitarianism 14

2.1.5 Animal Rights View 15

2.2 Animal Welfare Versus Animal Rights 16

2.2.1 Animal Welfare 16

2.2.2 Animal Rights 18

2.3 Opposition to and Benefits of Animal Experimentation 23

2.3.1 Opposition to Animal Experimentation 23

2.3.2 Benefits of Animal Experimentation 25

2.4 Professional Ethics Relating to Biomedical Research 28

References 32

Further reading 33

Chapter 3 Regulations and Guidelines / K. Bayne Bayne, K., L.C. Anderson Anderson, L.C. 35

3.1 Introduction 36

3.2 US Animal Welfare Act 36

3.2.1 The Evolution of the Animal Welfare Act 36

3.2.2 Translating the Animal Welfare Act Into Action 39

3.2.3 Implementing the Details of Research Animal Care and Use-the USDA Standards 43

3.2.4 Ensuring Compliance With the Regulations 45

3.3 Public Health Service Policy 45

3.4 FDA Good Laboratory Practices 49

3.5 Other Laws, Regulations, and Policies 51

3.5.1 Environmental Protection Agency 51

3.5.2 Department of Defense 51

3.5.3 State Laws 52

3.5.4 Other Federal Laws 52

3.6 Fish and Wildlife Service and NIH Positions on Chimpanzees 53

3.7 Professional and Scientific Associations 54

3.7.1 Institute for Laboratory Animal Research 54

3.7.2 Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International 54

3.7.3 American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine 55

3.7.4 American Veterinary Medical Association 55

3.7.5 Federation of Animal Science Societies 56

3.7.6 Other Professional Organizations 56

3.8 International Laws and Regulations 56

3.8.1 The World Organisation for Animal Health 57

3.8.2 Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences 57

3.8.3 International Air Transport Association 60

3.9 Conclusions 60

References 61

Chapter 4 Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee / M.A. Suckow Suckow, M.A., G.A. Lamberti Lamberti, G.A. 65

4.1 Purpose and Function 65

4.2 Committee Composition 65

4.2.1 The Main Activities of the IACUC 66

4.3 IACUC Review of Proposed Activities and Projects 66

4.4 Periodic Review of the Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities 69

4.5 Investigation of Concerns Regarding the Use and Treatment of Vertebrate Animals 70

4.6 Sample Size Estimation in Laboratory Animal Experiments 70

References 74

Chapter 5 Experimental Variables / K.L. Stewart Stewart, K.L. 75

5.1 The Research Environment 75

5.1.1 Facility Designs 75

5.1.2 Environmental Parameters 76

5.2 Environmental Enrichment 82

5.2.1 Enrichment Program 83

5.2.2 Social Enrichment 83

5.2.3 Nonsocial Enrichment 84

5.2.4 Habituation 86

5.3 Animal Health Monitoring Program 86

5.3.1 Animal Health Status 87

5.3.2 Preventive Health Program 87

5.4 Summary 90

References 90

Chapter 6 Model Selection / D.L. Hickman Hickman, D.L., S. Putta Putta, S., N.A. Johnston Johnston, N.A., K.D. Prongay Prongay, K.D. 93

6.1 Selection Criteria 93

6.2 Types of Models 94

6.3 Spontaneous Mutation Models 95

6.4 Random Mutation Models 96

6.5 Genetically Manipulated Models 96

6.6 Chemically Induced Models 97

6.7 Physically Induced Models 98

6.8 Surgical Models 101

6.8.1 Examples of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgical Techniques 101

6.8.2 Examples of Gastrointestinal Surgical Techniques 102

6.8.3 Examples of Urinary System Techniques 103

6.8.4 Examples of Orthopedic Techniques 103

6.8.5 Examples of Reproductive System Techniques 103

6.8.6 Examples of Endocrine System Techniques 104

6.8.7 Examples of Dermatologic Techniques 104

6.8.8 Examples of Neurological Techniques 104

6.9 Behavioral Models 104

6.9.1 Naturally Occurring Disease Models 106

6.9.2 Experimentally Induced Models 107

6.10 Production Models 108

References 110

Chapter 7 Commonly Used Animal Models / D.L. Hickman Hickman, D.L., J. Johnson Johnson, J., T.H. Vemulapalli Vemulapalli, T.H., J.R. Crisler Crisler, J.R., R. Shepherd Shepherd, R. 117

7.1 The Mouse 118

7.1.1 Introduction 118

7.1.2 Uses in Research 118

7.1.3 Normative Biology 119

7.1.4 Reproductive Physiology 121

7.1.5 Mouse Behavior 122

7.1.6 Housing and Handling 124

7.1.7 Diseases 127

7.2 The Rat 127

7.2.1 Introduction 127

7.2.2 Uses in Research 131

7.2.3 Normative Biology 132

7.2.4 Reproductive Biology 132

7.2.5 Normal Behavior 134

7.2.6 Housing 134

7.2.7 Diseases 136

7.3 The Rabbit 136

7.3.1 Introduction 136

7.3.2 Uses in Research 136

7.3.3 Normative Biology 139

7.3.4 Reproductive Biology 141

7.3.5 Behavior 142

7.3.6 Housing and Management 144

7.3.7 Diseases 144

7.4 Zebrafish 145

7.4.1 Introduction 145

7.4.2 Uses in Research 147

7.4.3 Biology 147

7.4.4 Housing and Management 148

7.4.5 Diseases 149

7.5 Amphibians and Reptiles 149

7.5.1 Introduction 149

7.5.2 Uses in Research 150

7.5.3 Biology 151

7.5.4 Behavior 152

7.5.5 Housing and Management 152

7.5.6 Diseases 154

7.6 Birds 154

7.6.1 Introduction 154

7.6.2 Uses in Research 154

7.6.3 Biology 156

7.6.4 Behavior and Housing 157

7.6.5 Diseases 158

7.7 Other Small Mammals 159

7.7.1 Guinea Pigs 159

7.7.2 Hamsters 160

7.7.3 Chinchillas 161

7.7.4 Gerbils 161

7.7.5 Armadillo 163

7.8 Summary 164

References 164

Chapter 8 Common Technical Procedures in Rodents / K.L. Stewart Stewart, K.L. 177

8.1 Handling and Restraint Methods 178

8.2 Identification 179

8.3 Common Technical Procedures 179

8.3.1 Blood Withdrawal Techniques 179

8.3.2 Compound Administration Techniques 183

8.4 Rodent Anesthesia 189

8.4.1 Induction 189

8.4.2 Stages of Anesthesia 191

8.4.3 Assessment of Anesthetic Depth 192

8.5 Rodent Surgery 193

5.5.1 Surgical Patient Preparation 193

8.5.2 Draping the Patient 193

8.5.3 Surgeon Preparation 194

8.5.4 Intraoperative Considerations 194

8.5.5 Postoperative Care 195

8.6 Euthanasia 195

8.7 Necropsy 196

8.8 Summary 196

References 196

Chapter 9 Considerations for Use of Vertebrates in Field Studies / M.J. Cramer Cramer, M.J. 199

9.1 Reasons for Conducting Field Research 200

9.2 Sources for Specific Technique Information 201

9.3 Initial Steps for Undertaking Field Research Involving Vertebrates 201

9.3.1 Obtaining Permission From Landowners 201

9.3.2 Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Approval of Activities 202

9.3.3 Permits 203

9.4 Observational Techniques 203

9.4.1 Point Count Surveys 204

9.4.2 Call Surveys 204

9.4.3 Visual Encounter Surveys 204

9.4.4 Camera Traps 205

9.5 Capturing Animals 205

9.5.1 Eleclrofishing 206

9.5.2 Nets 207

9.5.3 Traps 208

9.6 Handling Animals 210

9.6.1 Physical Restraint 210

9.6.2 Chemical Restraint 211

9.7 Identification and Marking of Animals 213

9.7.1 Noninvasive Techniques 214

9.7.2 Invasive Techniques 214

9.8 Conclusion 219

References 219

Chapter 10 Personnel Safety in the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals / M.C.

Dyson Dyson, M.C. 225

10.1 Introduction 226

10.2 Occupational Health and Safety Programs 226

10.2.1 Regulations and Guidelines 226

10.2.2 Principles of Occupational Health and Safety Programs and Risk Assessment 227

10.2.3 Institutional Responsibilities 228

10.2.4 Individual Responsibilities 229

10.3 Hazards Associated With Animal Research 230

10.3.1 Physical Hazards 231

10.3.2 Chemical Hazards 234

10.3.3 Allergens 236

10.3.4 Biological Hazards 236

10.3.5 Field Research 243

10.4 Best Practices for Prevention 243

10.4.1 Safety Practices (Personal Protective Equipment, Standard Operating Procedures, Equipment) 244

10.4.2 Education 246

10.4.3 Emergency and Disaster Planning 246

10.5 Conclusions: Personnel Engagement and Awareness 247

References 247

Chapter 11 Thesis Development / J. Robichaud Robichaud, J. 251

11.1 Preparation 252

11.1.1 Literature Search 252

11.2 Hypothesis Development 253

11.2 Thesis Sections 253

11.2.1 Introduction 253

11.2.2 Materials and Methods 254

11.2.3 Results 255

11.2.4 Discussion 257

11.3 Finalizing the Thesis 258

11.3.1 Proofreading 258

11.3.2 Peer Review 258

11.3.3 Title 259

11.3.4 Abstract 259

11.3.5 Acknowledgments 259

11.3.6 Literature Cited 259

11.4 Conclusion. 259

References 260.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

Title from title page.

ISBN:

9780128021514

0128021519

OCLC:

950449976