Biofluid mechanics : principles and applications / Ali Ostadfar.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Ostadfar, Ali, author.

Contributor:

James A. Crawford Memorial Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Biomechanics.

Fluid mechanics.

Genre:

Electronic books.

Physical Description:

1 online resource

polychrome

Place of Publication:

London, UK : Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier, 2016.

System Details:

text file

Summary:

Biofluid Mechanics: Principles and Applications is a comprehensive reference covering the physiology and engineering aspects of biofluids that is written with engineers and clinicians in mind. This book bridges the gap between the knowledge base of both engineers and clinicians, providing information on physiology for engineers and information on the engineering side of biofluid mechanics for clinicians. In addition, clinical applications of fluid mechanics principles to fluid flows throughout the body are included. All engineering concepts and equations are developed within a biological context, and computational simulation examples are provided. Content covered includes engineering models of human blood, blood rheology in the circulation system, problems in human organs, and their side effects on biomechanics of the cardiovascular system.

Contents:

Chapter 1 Fluid Mechanics and Biofluids Principles 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.1.1 History of Body Fluids 1

1.1.2 Scope of Biofluid Mechanics 3

1.1.3 Dimensions and Units 4

1.1.4 Basic Concepts and Definitions of Fluid Mechanics 6

Chapter Summary 8

Problems 8

1.2 Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics 9

1.2.1 Fluid Kinematics 10

1.2.2 Viscosity 13

1.2.3 Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids 15

1.2.4 Dimensionless Numbers of Biofluid Mechanics 17

1.2.5 Steady versus Unsteady Flow and Laminar versus Turbulent Flow 19

1.2.6 Boundary Conditions and No Slip Boundary Condition 22

1.2.7 Compressible and Incompressible Flows 23

1.2.8 Stress Tensor 23

1.2.9 Viscoelasticity and Viscoplasticity 25

1.2.10 Basic Equations of Fluid Mechanics 27

1.2.11 Conservation of Mass, Momentum and Energy 27

1.2.12 Navier-Stokes Equations 29

1.2.13 Bernoulli Equation 31

1.2.14 Hagen-Poiseuille Equation 31

1.2.15 Steady How Along Tube 32

1.2.16 Pulsatile Flow in Rigid and Elastic Tubes 34

1.2.17 Resistance, Compliance and Inertance 38

1.2.18 Two-Phase Flows 40

Chapter Summary 41

Problems 44

1.3 Hematology and Blood Rheology 45

1.3.1 Blood-Bodily Fluid 45

1.3.2 Blood Types 46

1.3.3 Blood Cells 47

1.3.4 Plasma 50

1.3.5 Blood pH 50

1.3.6 Electrolytes and Proteins of Blood 52

1.3.7 Blood Viscosity and Its Aspects 53

1.3.8 Rheological Models of Blood 55

1.3.9 Blood Diseases 57

Chapter Summary 58

Problems 58

References 59

Chapter 2 Macrocirculation System 61

2.1 Introduction 61

2.2 Pulsatile Flow Properties 65

2.3 Arteries 66

2.4 Veins 70

2.5 Vascular Bifurcations and Branches 71

2.6 Blood Flow Through Curved Vessels 74

2.7 Mechanical and Elasticity Properties of Vessels 75

2.8 Atherosclerosis Characteristics 79

2.9 Blood Flow Through Stenosis 81

Chapter Summary 84

Problems 85

References 85

Chapter 3 Microcirculation System 87

3.1 Introduction 87

3.2 Arterioles and Blood Flow Aspects 88

3.3 Capillaries 91

3.4 Venules 94

3.5 Fahraeus and Fahraeus-Lindqvist Effects 95

3.6 Mass Transport in Tissue 99

3.7 Porosity, Tortuosity and Permeability 102

3.8 Governing Equations in Porous Media 103

3.9 Fluid Transport in Poroelastic Media 105

Chapter Summary 106

Problems 107

References 108

Chapter 4 Biofluid Dynamics in Human Organs 111

4.1 Heart and Cardiovascular System 111

4.1.1 Introduction 111

4.1.2 The Cardiac Cycle 113

4.1.3 Pressure, Flow and Heart Chambers Volume 117

4.1.4 Heart Valves Function and Mechanical Properties 119

4.1.5 Coronary Circulation 122

4.1.6 Effect of Heart and Heart Valves Diseases on Biofluid Flow 124

4.2 Lung and Respiratory System 133

4.2.1 Introduction 133

4.2.2 Pulmonary Blood Flow and Vessels 134

4.2.3 Air Row and Pressure Aspects in the Lung 136

4.2.4 Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the Blood 140

4.2.5 Gas Exchange in the Lung 142

4.2.6 Effect of Lung Diseases on Biofluid Flow 145

4.3 Kidney and Urinary System 149

4.3.1 Introduction 150

4.3.2 Excretion of Metabolic Waste Products and Foreign Chemicals 150

4.3.3 Regulation of Water and Electrolyte Balances 151

4.3.4 Renal Blood Flow and Vessels 151

4.3.5 Urine Formation 153

4.3.6 Glomerular Filtration 154

4.3.7 Tubular Transport 156

4.3.8 Electrolytes Balancing 157

4.3.9 Effect of Kidney Diseases on Biofluid Flow 158

4.4 Gastrointestinal System 158

4.4.1 Gastrointestinal Blood Flow and Vessels 161

4.4.2 Gastrointestinal Tract Functions 163

4.4.3 Effect of Gastrointestinal System Diseases on Biofluids 165

4.5 Liver 167

4.5.1 Introduction 167

4.5.2 Liver Blood Flow 167

4.5.3 Biliary Flow 168

4.5.4 Effect of Liver Diseases on Biofluid Flow 169

4.6 Brain 169

4.6.1 Introduction 169

4.6.2 Brain Blood Flow 170

4.6.3 Effect of Brain Diseases on Biofluid Flow 173

4.7 Joints 173

4.7.1 Joints Lubrication 173

4.7.2 Synovial Fluid 174

4.7.3 Effect of Joint Diseases on Biofluid Flow 176

4.8 Intraocular System 177

4.8.1 Eye Structure 177

4.8.2 Eye Blood Flow Properties 178

4.8.3 Effect of Eye Diseases on Biofluid Flow 181

4.9 Reproductive System 182

4.9.1 Male Reproductive System 182

4.9.2 Female Reproductive System 186

4.9.3 Effect of Reproductive System Diseases on Biofluid Flow 189

4.10 Endocrine System Biofluids 189

4.10.1 The Thyroid Gland 189

4.10.2 The Pituitary Gland (or Hypophysis) 191

4.10.3 The Adrenal Glands 191

4.10.4 The Endocrine Pancreas 192

4.10.5 The Parathyroid Glands 193

4.10.6 Effect of Endocrine System Diseases on Biofluid Flow 194

Chapter Summary 195

Problems 200

References 201

Chapter 5 Biofluid Flow in Artificial Assistive and Implantable Devices 205

5.1 Blood Pumps and Artificial Heart 205

5.1.1 Rotary Blood Pumps 206

5.1.2 Displacement Blood Pump 208

5.1.3 Total Artificial Heart 209

5.2 Prosthetic Heart Valves 213

5.3 Artificial Lung 222

5.4 Artificial Kidney and Hemodialysis Machine 228

5.4.1 Hemodialysis Membranes and the Dialyzer 231

5.4.2 Membrane Biocompatibility 232

5.4.3 Membrane Materials 232

5.4.4 Hollow Fibers 233

5.5 Artificial Vessels and Grafts 235

5.6 Stent 236

Chapter Summary 237

Problems 239

References 240

Chapter 6 Physical Injury to Blood 243

6.1 Geometry and Cell Membrane of Red Blood Cell 243

6.2 Mechanical Properties and Deformation of RBC 247

6.3 Hemolysis Characterization 250

6.4 Hemolysis in Needles and Grafts 257

6.5 Hemolysis and Hemodialysis Process 258

6.6 Hemolysis in Oxygenation and Lung Machines 259

6.7 Hemolysis in TAH and Artificial Heart Valves 260

6.8 Collection, Storage and Transportation of Whole Blood 263

Chapter Summary 267

Problems 268

References 269

Chapter 7 Reaction of Blood and Biomaterials 273

7.1 Immune System 273

7.2 Coagulation and Thrombosis 275

7.2.1 Coagulation 276

7.2.2 Coagulation Inhibitors 280

7.2.3 Biomechanics of Clot 280

7.2.4 Thrombosis 282

7.3 Rolling Adhesion and Effect of Forces 284

7.4 Biocorapalibility and Biomaterials 287

7.4.1 Biocompatibility 287

7.4.2 Biomaterials 289

Chapter Summary 292

Problems 293

References 293

Chapter 8 Real Time Measurement Techniques of Biofluids 295

8.1 Introduction 295

8.1.1 Sensors and Transducers 296

8.1.2 Biosensor Classification 297

8.2 Measurement of Temperature 298

8.2.1 Fluid/Glass Thermometer 298

8.2.2 Thermocouple 299

8.2.3 Thermistor 299

8.2.4 Radiation and Optical Systems 300

8.3 Measurement of Flow Rate and Volume of Blood 301

8.3.1 Electromagnetic Flowmeter 303

8.3.2 Ultrasonic Flowmeter 304

8.3.3 Blood Flow Analyzing and Recording by a Laser Doppler Flowmeter 307

8.3.4 Implantable Blood Sensors 307

8.3.5 Plethysmography 307

8.3.6 Heat Transport Blood Flowmeter 308

8.3.7 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Tissue Blood Flowmeter 309

8.4 Measurement of Blood Pressure and Sound 309

8.4.1 Cardiac Catheterization (Heart-Cath) 311

8.5 Measurement of the Respiratory System 312

8.5.1 Rotary Flowmeter 312

8.5.2 Thermal Flowmeter 313

8.5.3 Ultrasonic Flowmeter 314

8.5.4 Vortex Flowmeter 316

8.6 Medical Imaging Systems 317

Chapter Summary 319

Problems 321

References 322

Chapter 9 Tissue Engineering of Cardiovascular System 323

9.1 Introduction 323

9.2 Tissue Engineering of Blood Vessels 325

9.2.1 Tissue Engineering Procedures for the Blood Vessels 327

9.3 Tissue Engineering of Heart and Heart Valves 330

9.3.1 Heart Valves 330

9.3.2 Heart 331

9.3.3 Cell-Hydrogel Injection Method 334

9.3.4 Decellularization Method 334

Chapter Summary 336

Problems 337

References 338.

Notes:

Includes index.

Online resource; title from PDF title page (ScienceDirect, viewed June 21, 2016).

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the James A. Crawford Memorial Fund.

OCLC:

951964813

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.