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Changes in high school grading standards in mathematics, 1982-1992 / Daniel Koretz, Mark Berends.
- Format:
- Book
- Author/Creator:
- Koretz, Daniel M.
- Language:
- English
- Subjects (All):
- Mathematics--Study and teaching (Secondary)--United States.
- Mathematics.
- Mathematics--Study and teaching (Secondary).
- Grading and marking (Students)--Standards.
- Grading and marking (Students).
- United States.
- Grading and marking (Students)--Standards--United States.
- Physical Description:
- xv, 81 pages : illustrations ; 29 cm
- Place of Publication:
- Santa Monica, CA : Rand, 2001.
- Summary:
- Observers recently have maintained that grades in secondary and postsecondary institutions have become inflated. Grade inflation would be troubling to many K-12 educators and policymakers but this possibility is an especially serious concern to many colleges and universities because such inflation could bias their admissions decisions and make it increasingly difficult for them to distinguish among high-achieving students. This study examines this possibility by evaluating changes in high school grading standards across the nation as a whole from 1982 to 1992. The authors examined not only changes in the grade distribution over time but also changes in the educational system and in the characteristics of the student populations. They investigated how grades have varied between males and females, minorities and nonminorities, and poor and rich students; trends in grading standards across types of schools; relationships between grades and student performance on achievement tests; and the influence on grades of changes in tested proficiency and course-taking. The authors detailed analysis concluded that no such grade inflation has taken place, at least in mathematics, over the study period.
- Contents:
- Introduction: the Importance of Grading Standards
- Research Questions
- Analytical Approach
- Organization of the Report
- Grade Inflation: Anecdotes and Systematic Evidence
- Grade Inflation in Secondary Schools
- Grade Inflation in Colleges and Universities
- Data and Methods
- High School and Beyond
- National Education Longitudinal Study
- Measures
- Student-Level Variables
- School-Level Variables
- Methods
- Sample Weighting
- Descriptive Analyses
- Multivariate Analyses
- Shifting Grades Over a Decade? a Descriptive Analysis
- Total Academic GPA
- GPA Changes by Subject
- Mathematics
- English
- Science
- Have Grades Become Inflated? Mathematics Grades in the Context of Tested Proficiency and Coursework
- Two Notions of Changing Standards
- Changes in Tested Proficiency
- Course-Taking and Its Relationships to Grades
- Changes in Mathematics Course-Taking from 1982 to 1992
- Changes in Grades in Specific Mathematics Courses
- The Relationships Between Course Level and Grades
- Estimates of Grading Changes Independent of Scores and Coursework
- Correlation of Grades with Tested Proficiency
- Raw Shift in Grades
- Changes in Grades Holding Scores Constant
- Changes in Grades Holding Scores and Coursework Constant
- A Detailed Look at Predictors of Grades in 1982 and 1992
- Influences on Grades in 1982 HSB
- Influences on Grades in 1992 NELS
- Irt Scaling of Mathematics Test Scores, 1982 HSB Seniors and 1992 Nels Seniors
- Subsample Noncomparability.
- Notes:
- "Prepared for the College Entrance Examination Board."
- "RAND Education."
- "MR-1445-CB"--P. [4] of cover.
- Includes bibliographical references (pages 79-81).
- ISBN:
- 0833030736
- 9780833030733
- OCLC:
- 48088223
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