The cerebral cortex in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders : experimental approaches to clinical issues / edited by David F. Cechetto, Nina Weishaupt.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Cechetto, David F., editor.

Weishaupt, Nina, editor.

ScienceDirect (Online service).

Bernard Weiss Memorial Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Nervous system--Degeneration.

Nervous system.

Neurobehavioral disorders.

Cerebral cortex--Abnormalities.

Cerebral cortex.

Medicine, Experimental.

Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Medical Subjects:

Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Physical Description:

1 online resource

polychrome

Other Title:

Experimental approaches to clinical issues

Place of Publication:

London : Academic Press/Elsevier, [2017]

System Details:

text file

Summary:

The cerebral cortex plays an important part in some of the most prevalent neurological diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders in our society. For some conditions, involvement of the cerebral cortex has only recently emerged. Experimental research into the role of the cortex in diseases has contributed greatly to our current knowledge and continues to do so. The Cerebral Cortex in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders focuses on how preclinical investigations are addressing the clinical issues surrounding the role of the cerebral cortex in selected conditions of the nervous system. Each chapter provides a review of the clinical manifestations of cortical involvement in the respective condition, as well as an examination of leading animal models and experimental techniques currently available to tackle cortical issues in these diseases. This book provides a link between clinical problems and investigational approaches that will help foster future research with high translational value. Key Features, Chapters feature reviews on recent advances in the understanding of cortical involvement in pathophysiology and clinical symptomology of the respective disease or disorder, Offers a comprehensive overview on the best available animal models and experimental techniques to study cortical involvement in the respective clinical condition in each chapter, Provides expert commentary and a perspective on future trends at the end of each chapter to address translational advances and promising therapeutic options, A rich resource for students and professionals in research and in translational settings alike Book jacket.

Contents:

Part I Introductory Chapters

1 Anatomy of the Cerebral Cortex / K.S. Rockland Rockland, K.S.

Introduction 3

Cortical Areas 5

Frontal Cortex 8

Parietal Cortex 9

Temporal Cortex 10

Cortical Layers 10

Layers and Outputs 13

Layers and Inputs 15

Cortical Verticality (Columns) 16

Cell Types 19

Pyramidal Neurons 19

Neurochemical Features 20

Interneurons 22

Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons 22

Calretinin-Positive Interneurons 24

Layer 1 Interneurons 24

Nitric Oxide Producing γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transmitting Interneurons 24

Connections 25

Concluding Remarks 27

References 27

2 Cortical Plasticity in Response to Injury and Disease / N. Weishaupt Weishaupt, N.

Plasticity: A Major Player in Recovery From Central Nervous System Injury and Disease 37

Systems Level Plasticity 37

Experience-Based Plasticity 37

Plasticity After Brain Trauma 38

Plasticity in Neurodegeneration 39

Systems Level Plasticity in Therapeutic Approaches 41

Plasticity at the Microanatomical Level 42

Dendritic and Axonal Changes 42

Axonal Plasticity of Injured Corticospinal Axons 43

Synaptic Plasticity 45

How Can We Promote and Modify Plasticity? 46

Beware the Dark Side of Plasticity 49

Challenges and Hopes for the Investigation of Central Nervous System Plasticity 50

References 51

3 Imaging Approaches to Cerebral Cortex Pathology / R. Bartha Bartha, R., T.-Y. Lee Lee, T.-Y.

Introduction 57

Magnetic Resonance Imaging 58

Brain Volumetry (T₁-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging) 58

Brain Metabolite Levels (₁H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) 59

White Matter Lesions (T₂-Weighted Imaging and Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery! 60

Cerebral Microbleeds (T₂*-Weighted Imaging and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging) 60

Diffusion Tensor Imaging 61

Resting State Brain Network function 61

Positron Emission Tomography 62

Cerebral Perfusion, Glucose Metabolism and Oxidative Stress 62

Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction 64

Inflammatory Cells 64

β-Amyloidosis 65

Tau Protein Aggregation 66

Future Direction and Expert Opinion 69

References 70

Part II The Cerebral Cortex in Neurodegenerative Disorders

4 Alzheimer's Disease / J.H.K. Tam Tam, J.H.K., S.H. Pasternak Pasternak, S.H.

Clinical Manifestations 83

Tau and Neurofibrillary Tangles 84

Amyloid and Plaques 86

Cerebral Cortex Pattern of Alzheimer's Disease Progression 89

Tauopathy in Clinical Alzheimer's Disease 89

Soluble β-Amyloid and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology 93

Imaging Alzheimer's Disease Pathology 97

Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics 99

Future Directions 101

References 102

5 Vascular Dementia / D.G. Munoz Munoz, D.G., N. Weishaupt Weishaupt, N.

Introduction: The Challenge of Vascular Dementia 119

Risk Factors for Vascular Cognitive Impairment 119

Cortical Vascular Lesions Often Associated with Dementia 120

Vascular Alterations Leading to Cerebral Damage 121

Cerebral Lesions Resulting From Vascular Mechanisms 124

Infarcts 124

Hemorrhages 125

Diffuse Leukoencephalopathy 126

Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia 127

Potential Mechanisms of Interaction Between Vascular Conditions and Dementia 129

Experimental Models of Vascular Dementia 130

Ischemic Models 130

Hypertensive Models 131

Diabetic Models 132

CADASIL Models 132

Prevention and Treatment 133

References 133

6 Frontotemporal Dementia / A.E. Arrant Arrant, A.E., E.D. Roberson Roberson, E.D.

Introduction 141

Clinical Manifestations 141

Frontotemporal Dementia Clinical Syndromes 141

Frontotemporal Dementia Pathology 142

Imaging Studies of Frontotemporal Dementia 146

Frontotemporal Dementia Genetics 151

Experimental Models 153

C9ORF72 153

Tau (MAPT) 154

Progranulin (GRN) 156

Therapeutic Approaches 157

Therapies of General Relevance 157

Therapies for Frontotemporal Dementia Genetic Subtypes 158

Future Directions 160

References 161

7 Parkinson's Disease and the Cerebral Cortex / D.F. Cechetto Cechetto, D.F., M. Jog Jog, M.

Introduction 177

Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease 177

Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease 180

Tremors and the Cerebral Cortex 181

Akinesia and Bradykinesia and the Cerebral Cortex 183

Cognitive Impairment and the Cerebral Cortex 184

Neurotransmitters and Gene Expression in the Cortex 186

Conclusion 187

References 188

8 Huntington Disease / E.H. Kim Kim, E.H., N. Mehrabi Mehrabi, N., L.J. Tippett Tippett, L.J., H.J. Waldvogel Waldvogel, H.J., R.L.M. Fault Fault, R.L.M.

Introduction 195

Clinical Features and Symptoms of Huntington Disease 197

Cerebral Cortex in Huntington Disease: Postmortem Studies 198

Cerebral Cortex in Huntington Disease: Brain Imaging Findings 203

Cerebral Cortex and Symptom Heterogeneity From Human Studies 205

Dysfunctional Corticostriatal Network in Huntington Disease Animal Models 208

Huntington Disease Pathogenesis: Mechanisms and Pathways in Relation to Cortex 211

Therapeutic Aspects and Future Directions 213

Conclusion 214

References 215

9 Cortical Manifestations in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / A.J. Moszczynski Moszczynski, A.J., M.J. Strong Strong, M.J.

Background 223

Neuropsychological Manifestations of Frontotemporal Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 223

Molecular, Clinical, and Neuropathological Correlates of Frontotemporal Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 224

Neuroimaging Correlates of impaired Neural Network Function as the Basis of Frontotemporal Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 231

Models of Neuropsychological Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 234

Therapeutic Strategies 235

Conclusions and Future Directions 235

References 236

10 Cortical Involvement in Multiple Sclerosis / P. Bannerman Bannerman, P.

Introduction 243

Relevance of Cortical Pathology to Multiple Sclerosis 244

Cortical Studies in Human Multiple Sclerosis 244

In Vivo Models of Multiple Sclerosis Cortical Pathology 251

In Vitro Studies Relevant to Cortical Pathology 261

Cortical Pathology and Therapeutics 263

Future Perspectives 264

References 266

Part III The Cerebral Cortex in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

11 Prefrontal Cortical Abnormalities in Cognitive Deficits of Schizophrenia / N. Rajakumar Rajakumar, N.

Introduction 277

Cognitive Deficits Represent Core Symptoms of Schizophrenia 277

The Prefrontal Cortex: A Nodal Point Mediating Cognitive Deficits 278

Abnormalities Involve Both Pyramidal and Nonpyramidal Neurons 279

Pyramidal Neuronal Abnormalities May Lower Their Excitability 280

γ-Aminobutyric Acid Neuronal Changes Reduce Inhibitory Tone in the PFC 281

Preclinical Animal Models of Schizophrenia With Prefrontal Cortex Abnormalities 284

Conclusions 285

References 285

12 Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in Addictive Disorders / J. Renard Renard, J., L. Rosen Rosen, L., W.J. Rushlow Rushlow, W.J., S.R. Laviolette Laviolette, S.R.

Introduction 289

Clinical Evidence for Prefrontal Cortical Pathology in Addiction 291

Effects of Acute Drug Exposure and Drug-Related Cue Exposure on Human Prefrontal Cortex Activity Patterns 291

Human Prefrontal Cortex Regulation of Inhibitory Control Mechanisms: Relevance to Addiction 293

The Prefrontal Cortex in Addiction-Related Neural Circuits 294

Modulation of Prefrontal Cortical Neurotransmitter Release by Drugs of Abuse: Evidence From Animal Models 296

Hole of the Prefrontal Cortex in Addiction-Related Behavioral Phenomena: Evidence From Animal Behavioral Pharmacology Research 298

Neurochemical Control of Drug-Related Reward Processing in the Prefrontal Cortex: Role of Dopamine-Glutamate Interactions in Animal Models 302

Cannabinoid Modulation of Drug-Related Reward Processing in the Animal Prefrontal Cortex-Mesolimbic Circuitry 304

Summary 305

References 306.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Electronic reproduction. Amsterdam Available via World Wide Web.

Description based on online resource; title from digital title page (viewed on November 23, 2016).

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Bernard Weiss Memorial Fund.

Other Format:

Print version:

ISBN:

9780128019566

0128019565

Publisher Number:

99969631122

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Restricted for use by site license.