Gene-environment interactions in psychiatry : nature, nurture, neuroscience / Bart Ellenbroek, Jiun Youn.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Ellenbroek, B. A. (Bart A.), 1958- author.

Contributor:

ScienceDirect (Online service)

Samuel Bellet Book Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Neurogenetics.

Neurotic Disorders--genetics.

Medical Subjects:

Neurotic Disorders--genetics.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (x, 355 pages.)

Place of Publication:

London, United Kingdom ; Cambridge, MA : Academic Press, [2016]

System Details:

text file

Summary:

Approximately one in every three people will, at some point in life, be diagnosed with an illness of the brain. The costs associated with these diseases is far larger than any other group of disorders, and identifying their etiology is therefore of paramount importance for developing more efficient treatment options. There is a widespread agreement that genetic and environmental factors interact with each other in this. With the ascent of ever better (and cheaper) ways to identify changes in the genome, there has been an enormous increase in genetic researches as well as in gene-environment interaction studies in psychiatry. Such studies typically require a multidisciplinary approach, bringing together geneticists, epidemiologists, psychiatrists, neuroscientists, and other experts. Gene-Environment Interactions in Psychiatry is subdivided into two parts. The first describes the basic aspects of gene-environment studies, such as basic genetics, principles of animals' modeling, and the basic processes of how environmental factors affect brain and behavior. Part two describes the most important psychiatric disorders in detail. Each chapter has a similar structure and includes a general description of the disorder, followed by an analysis of the role of genes and how they are affected by environmental factors. Each chapter ends with a description of the most relevant animal models, again focusing on gene-environment interactions. The book concludes with a critical evaluation of the current research and an outlook for the (possible) future, offering a vignette into the fascinating world of nature, nurture, and neuroscience. Key Features, Written to provide in-depth basic knowledge on gene-environment interactions for graduate students, postgraduate students, clinicians, and scientists, Includes descriptions of the major psychiatric disorders, Also includes detailed descriptions of animal models and basic genetic information, Well-illustrated color figures to explain complex features in a simple way Book jacket.

Contents:

I General Introduction

1 Introduction

Introduction 3

Gregor Johann Mendel 5

Mendel's First Law of Inheritance: The Law of Segregation 6

Mendel's Second Law of Inheritance: The Law of Independent Assortment 7

The Legacy of Mendel's Work 8

Criticism of Mendel's Work 8

The Search for the Mendelian Elements 9

The Sex Chromosomes 12

Beyond Mendel: The Historical Development of Molecular Genetics 13

A Brief History of Behavioral Genetics 15

References 17

2 The Genetic Basis of Behavior

Introduction 19

The Molecular Structure of DNA 19

DNA Synthesis and Replication 23

The Structure of the Genome 26

DNA Transcription 28

The Structure of Genes 31

mRNA Processing 33

mRNA Translation 35

Genetic Alterations 38

Single Nucleotide Variations 39

Tandem Repeat Sequences 40

Triplet Repeats 41

Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) 41

Short Insertions and Deletions (Indels) 43

Copy Number Variations (CNVs) 43

Chromosomal Variations 44

References 45

3 Animal Modelling in Psychiatry

Introduction 47

Animal Models 50

Validating Animal Models 60

Genetic Modulation in Animals 61

References 72

4 The Environmental Basis of Behavior

Introduction 75

Environmental Factors 84

Timing 85

The Prenatal Period 87

The Perinatal Period 91

The Postnatal Period 93

The Adolescent Period 95

Evaluating the Role of Environmental Factors in Animals 96

Developmental Differences Between Rodents and Humans 101

References 102

5 Environment Challenges and the Brain

Introduction 107

Early Environmental Challenges and Structural Brain Changes 107

Early Environmental Challenges and the Immune System 110

Early Environmental Challenges and the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) Axis 114

Early Environmental Challenges and Neurotransmitter Changes 116

Early Environmental Challenges and Epigenetic Changes 119

The Molecular Structure of Chromosomes 119

The Histone Family of Proteins 121

Epigenetic Mechanisms - Introduction 122

Modification at the Level of the Nucleotides 122

Chemical. Modification at the Level of the His tones 128

Structural Changes at the Level of the Nucleosome 133

Early Environmental Challenges and Epigenetic Changes 134

References 136

II Gene-Environment Interactions in Psychiatric Disorders

6 Drug Addiction

Introduction 143

Diagnosis and Symptoms 148

The Epidemiology of Drug Addiction 150

The Neurobiology of Drug Addiction 152

The Pharmacological Treatment of Drug Addiction 155

The Aetiology of Drug Addiction 156

Animal Models for Drug Addiction 161

References 168

7 Affective Disorders

Introduction 173

Major Depressive Disorder 173

Bipolar Disorder (BP) 201

References 220

8 Childhood Disorders

Introduction 233

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 233

Autism Spectrum Disorders 259

References 280

9 Schizophrenia

Introduction 289

Diagnosis and Symptoms 289

The Epidemiology of Schizophrenia 292

The Neurobiology of Schizophrenia 293

The Pharmacological Treatment of Schizophrenia 298

The Aetiology of Schizophrenia 302

Animal Models for Schizophrenia 308

References 317

10 Conclusions and the Road Ahead

Introduction 323

The Genetic Revolution and Psychiatry 323

The Genetic Analysis is Incomplete 326

Genetic Effects are Moderated by the Environment 327

Psychiatric Disorders are Heterogeneous 330

Looking Toward the Future 333

The Future of Animal Modelling 336

Conclusion 336

References 337.

Notes:

Electronic reproduction. Amsterdam Available via World Wide Web.

Description based on print version record.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Samuel Bellet Book Fund.

ISBN:

9780128017838

012801783X

Publisher Number:

99969120322

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.