Getting respect : responding to stigma and discrimination in the United States, Brazil, and Israel / Michèle Lamont [and six others]

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Lamont, Michèle, 1957- author.

Guetzkow, Joshua A., 1974- author.

Herzog, Hanna, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Discrimination--United States.

Discrimination.

United States.

Discrimination--Brazil.

Discrimination--Israel.

Brazil.

Israel.

Physical Description:

xix, 377 pages ; 25 cm

Place of Publication:

Princeton, New Jersey ; Oxford : Princeton University Press, [2016].

Summary:

"Racism is a common occurrence for members of marginalized groups around the world. Getting Respect illuminates their experiences by comparing three countries with enduring group boundaries: the United States, Brazil and Israel. The authors delve into what kinds of stigmatizing or discriminatory incidents individuals encounter in each country, how they respond to these occurrences, and what they view as the best strategy--whether individually, collectively, through confrontation, or through self-improvement--for dealing with such events. This deeply collaborative and integrated study draws on more than four hundred in-depth interviews with middle- and working-class men and women residing in and around multiethnic cities--New York City, Rio de Janeiro, and Tel Aviv--to compare the discriminatory experiences of African Americans, black Brazilians, and Arab Palestinian citizens of Israel, as well as Israeli Ethiopian Jews and Mizrahi (Sephardic) Jews"-- dust jacket front flap.

Contents:

Chapter 1 Accounting for Differences 19

How to Explain 19

Three Dimensions of National Context 19

Connecting Findings and Explanation 27

Additional Contributions 31

Chapter 2 The United States 34

Section 2.1 Background Factors: Historical and Socioeconomic Context 35

A Historical Legacy of Racial Domination 35

Persistent Structural Inequality and Racial Segregation 36

The Research Site: The New York Metropolitan Area 41

Section 2.2 Ethnoracial Groupness 43

Self-Identification 44

Black and/or African American Self-Labeling 45

Racial and National Identity 46

Meanings of Racial Identity 47

Group Boundaries 50

Experiences of Spatial Segregation and Integration 50

Boundaries and Friendship 51

Universalism, Essentialism, and the Constructions of Racial Similarities and Differences 54

Anti-white Moral Boundaries and White Privilege 56

Conclusion 58

Section 2.3 Experiences of Stigmatization and Discrimination in the United States 59

Stigmatization or Assault on Worth 62

Blatant Racism: Being Insulted or Disrespected and Physical Assault 63

More Subtle Racism: Being Misunderstood 65

Poor Service and Double Standards 67

Discrimination 68

Class, Age, and Gender Differences 70

Experiencing Racial or Class Stigma? The Role of Class Boundaries 70

Surprisingly Few Differences across Classes 75

Gender Differences and Gender Discrimination 77

Age Cohorts 79

Conclusion 81

Section 2.4 Responses to Stigmatization and Discrimination 82

Actual Responses to Incidents 86

Confronting 86

Management of the Self and Not Responding 92

Ideal and Other Actual Responses 96

Competence/Hard Work, Self-Improvement, Education, Religion, and Moral Reform: The Neoliberal Responses 96

Decline of Collective Mobilization 106

Race-Targeted Policies 108

Hope Ahead? Explanations for Racism and Lessons for Children 110

Making Sense of Ideal Responses in Relation to the American Dream 113

Conclusion 115

Section 2.5 A Bird's-Eye View of the African American Case 117

Chapter 3 Brazil 122

Section 3.1 Background Factors: Historical and Socioeconomic Context 123

Studying Race in Brazil 123

The Legacy of Slavery and the Rise and Fall of Racial Democracy 125

Together and Unequal? Racial Inequality and Segregation 129

The Research Site: Rio De Janeiro 132

Section 3.2 Ethnoracial Groupness 134

Self-Identification 135

Self-Labeling: Negro, Moreno, Preto, and Pardo 136

Meanings of Racial Identity 139

Group Boundaries 142

Experiences of Spatial Segregation and Integration 143

Boundaries and Friendship 144

Universalism, Essentialism, and the Absence of Cultural Differences 146

Weak Anti-white Moral Boundaries 147

Conclusion 148

Section 3.3 Experiences of Stigmatization and Discrimination in Brazil 150

From Racial Democracy to Subtle Racism 151

Is It Class or Race Stigma? 155

Stigmatization 158

Stereotyped as Low Status and Receiving Poor Service 158

When Race Becomes Salient: Racial Insults and Jokes 161

Other Types of Assault on Worth 163

Discrimination 164

Conclusion 167

Section 3.4 Responses to Stigmatization and Discrimination 169

Actual Responses to Incidents 170

Confronting 170

Management of the Self 174

Not Responding 177

Ideal Responses 179

Universal Policies versus Affirmative Action 179

Collective Mobilization: Ambivalence toward the Black Movement 182

Conclusion 185

Section 3.5 The Broad Picture for Black Brazilians 187

Chapter 4 Israel 192

Section 4.1 Background: Historical and Socioeconomic Context 193

Zionism as Constitutive Legacy 193

Arab Palestinians and the Jewish Polity 194

Ethiopians and Mizrahim: In the Pincers of Ethno-National Identity, Exclusion, and Inclusion 200

The Research Site: Tel Aviv-Jaffa 206

Section 4.2 National Belonging, Race, and Ethnicity in the Formation of Groupness 207

Self-Identification, Self-Labeling, and the Meanings of Group Identity 210

Arab Palestinians 210

Ethiopians and Mizrahim 215

Group Boundaries 219

Arab Palestinians 219

Ethiopians and Mizrahim 224

Conclusion 229

Section 4.3 Experiences of Stigmatization and Discrimination in Israel 230

Stigmatization or Assaults on Worth 232

Arab Palestinians 232

Ethiopians and Mizrahim 235

Discrimination 236

Arab Palestinians 237

Ethiopians and Mizrahim 239

Conclusion 242

Section 4.4 Responses to Stigmatization and Discrimination in Israel 243

Actual Responses to Incidents 245

Arab Palestinians 245

Ethiopians and Mizrahim 249

Ideal Responses 250

Improving Their Group Situation 250

Arab Palestinians 250

Ethiopians and Mizrahim 253

Lessons for Children 258

Arab Palestinians 258

Ethiopians and Mizrahim 261

Is Affirmative Action an Option? 262

Arab Palestinians 263

Ethiopians and Mizrahim 264

Conclusion 265

Section 4.5 Making Sense of the Israeli Case 266.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [337]-370) and index.

ISBN:

9780691167077

0691167079

OCLC:

951724658