Women's rights in the USA : policy debates and gender roles / Dorothy E. McBride and Janine A. Parry.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

McBride, Dorothy E., author.

Parry, Janine A., 1971- author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Women's rights--United States.

Women's rights.

United States.

Sex role--United States.

Sex role.

Women--Legal status, laws, etc--United States.

Women.

Women--Legal status, laws, etc.

Physical Description:

xx, 406 pages ; 24 cm

Edition:

Fifth edition.

Place of Publication:

New York : Routledge, 2016.

Summary:

Dorothy E. McBride is Professor Emerita of Political Science at Florida Atlantic University and co-convener of the Research Network on Gender Politics and the State. Her books include The Politics of State Feminism; Comparative State Feminism; Abortion in the United States: A Reference Handbook; and Abortion Politics, Women's Movements, and the Democratic State, among others. Book jacket.

Contents:

1 Introduction 1

The Policy-Making process 4

Policy Communities 5

Conceptual Frameworks 6

Changing the Framework 7

Historical Context 7

Sex, Gender, Feminism, and Women's Rights 10

Feminist Debates 13

Women's Rights Agendas 15

Themes in Policy Making on Women's Rights Issues 17

2 The U.S. Constitution 22

The Fourteenth Amendment in the Courts: 1868-1963 24

Equal Rights Amendment Campaign to 1963 29

Bringing Women into the Constitution 32

Congress and the Courts: 19-70-1973 32

Equal Protection and Sex Classification in the Courts 36

ERA Debate, Defeat, and the Aftermath 42

State ERAs 46

Feminist Debates cm Constitutional Equality 48

Conclusion 53

3 Political Participation 57

The Vote 59

Inalienable Right to Elective Franchise 59

Emancipation of Women 62

Woman's Special Role 63

The (Long-Awaited) Gender Gap 66

Elective Office 71

Other Forms of Political Participation 75

Groups 75

Political Parties 76

Appointments 78

Commissions 82

Indirect Policies and Political Participation 85

Jury Service 85

Election Regulations 86

Conclusion 87

4 Reproduction 92

Contraception 93

Obscene Materials 94

Prevention of Disease 96

Family Planning 98

Personal Choice 98

Social Policy 100

Women's Health Movement 101

Sterilization 103

Abortion 106

Criminalization of Abortion 106

Reform/Repeal of Abortion Laws 107

Roe v. Wade 109

The Battle over Reproductive Rights 111

The Pro-Choice/Pro-Life Debate 111

An Early Pro-life Victory: Restricting Public Assistance 113

Administrative Hurdles: The Burdens Get Heavier 114

Gelling Rid of Roe: So Near Yet So Far 119

Abortion Clinic Access and Procedures 123

Abortion Procedures: RU 486 and Dilation and Extraction 124

Birth Control, Abortion, and Religious liberty 125

Emergency Contraception 125

Insurance Coverage for Contraception 127

Conclusion: Reproductive Rights for Poor Women in America 129

5 Education 135

Why Educate Anyone? 136

Why Educate Girls and Women? A Framework of Difference 137

Elementary School 138

Secondary School 138

Higher Education 139

Not Separate and Not Equal 140

Title IX: A Framework of Equality 143

The Origins of Title LX 143

Early Title IX Conflicts 147

Title IX and Athletics 150

Title IX Enforcement: A Continuing Controversy 155

Other Gender Equity Policies in Education 160

Women's Educational Equity Act 1974 160

Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act, 1984 160

Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 1994 161

Policies in the States 161

Single-Sex Schools 162

Women's Studies 166

Conclusion 167

6 Family 170

Marriage 173

Three Theories of Gender Roles in Marriage 174

Who Can Many 179

Marital Name 179

Domicile 180

Interspousal Immunity 183

Marital Support/Marital Services Contract/Marital Property 184

Marital Support 184

Marital Services 185

Marital Property Systems 186

Status of Women and Feminist Response 188

Divorce 190

Alimony 192

Property 193

Status of Women and Feminist Response 194

Parental Rights and Responsibilities in-and after-Marriage 196

Physical and legal Custody 197

Child Support 198

Status of Women and Feminist Response 199

Families without Marriage 201

Property Rights 202

Parental Rights and Responsibilities: Heterosexual Couples 202

Parental Rights and Responsibilities: Same-Sex Couples 205

Status of Women and Feminist Response 206

Conclusion 207

7 Work and Pay 211

Protective Legislation 214

Muller v. Oregon 215

Women's Bureau 217

Equality for Working Women 219

Equal Pay Act of 1963: Equal Pay for Equal Work 220

Title Ml of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: Equal Employment Opportunity 222

Executive Orders 11246 and 11375: Affirmative Action 226

Implementation of FEO Laws 229

Sex as a BFOQ 229

Proving Sex Discrimination: Disparate Treatment and Disparate Impact 231

Affirmative Action and Equality 235

Equal Pay and Nondiscrimination in Compensation 238

Overcoming the Wage Gap 240

Improve Enforcement of Existing Laws 240

Move Women into Better-paying Jobs 241

Raise the Pay for "Women's Jobs" 242

Conclusion 244

8 Work and Family 249

Pregnancy and Childbirth 252

Maternity Protection 253

Pregnancy as Disability: The Early Years 255

Pregnancy as Disability: The Pregnancy Discrimination Act 258

Maternity/Parental Leave 259

Relief for the Sandwich Generation? Eldercare 267

Child Care 268

Child Development Act of 1971 271

Child Care Debates Continue 273

Conclusion 276

9 Sexuality: Regulation 281

Prostitution 284

Criminalization of Prostitution 286

Reform Efforts and Effects 289

Prostitution as Sex Trafficking 294

Pornography 296

Pornography as Obscenity 296

The Feminist Debate 297

Online Pornography 300

Lesbian Issues 301

The Gay and Lesbian Movement 301

Contemporary Issues 304

Lesbians and Gays in the Military 304

Protection against Discrimination 305

Same-Sex Marriage 306

Parental Rights 308

Conclusion 309

10 Sexuality: Intimidation 313

Rape 314

Common Lau of Rape 315

Rape Law Reform 317

Campus Sexual Assault 323

Sexual Harassment 326

Sexual Harassment and Assault in the Military 333

Battered Women 335

Violence Against Women Act 338

New Definitions and Intersections 339

Conclusion 342

11 Economic Status 346

Feminization of Poverty 346

Causes of Women's Poverty 349

Helping the Poor: Dependent Mothers 352

Aid to Families with Dependent Children 352

Welfare Reform Politics 355

Family Support Act 357

TANF 357

Helping Waged Workers: Women's Share 360

Earned Income Tax Credit 360

Unemployment Insurance and Job Training 361

Retirement, Social Security, and Insurance 364

Conclusion 369.

Notes:

Revised editon of the authors' Women's rights in the USA, 2011.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9781138833029

1138833029

9781138833036

1138833037

OCLC:

920671952