Animal athletes : an ecological and evolutionary approach / Duncan J. Irschick, Timothy E. Higham.

Format:

• Book

Author/Creator:

• Irschick, Duncan J., author.
• Higham, Timothy E., author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

• Animal locomotion.
• Animal ecology.
• Evolution (Biology).
• Vertebrates.

Physical Description:

x, 255 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2016.

Contents:

• 1 Animal performance: An overview 1
• 1.1 Why study performance? 1
• 1.2 Definitions of performance 6
• 1.3 The hierarchical nature of biological systems 10
• 1.4 Variability, repeatability and heritability 11
• 1.5 The ecological context of performance 13
• 1.6 The evolution of performance 15
• 1.7 Behavior and performance 17
• 1.8 Mechanistic and energetic constraints on performance 21
• 2 The ecology of performance I: Studies of fitness 24
• 2.1 Natural selection, sexual selection, and performance 24
• 2.2 Path diagrams of selection 25
• 2.3 Definitions of fitness 27
• 2.4 Quantifying the impact of natural and sexual selection 28
• 2.5 Does high performance result in higher fitness? 29
• 2.6 Is selection on morphology stronger than for performance capacity? 35
• 2.7 Manipulative studies of animal performance and selection 38
• 2.8 Complex forms of selection on performance 43
• 3 The ecology of performance II: Performance in nature 47
• 3.1 Why study animal performance in nature? 47
• 3.2 What is ecological performance? 49
• 3.3 Impact of behavior on ecological performance 50
• 3.4 Environmental impacts on ecological performance 53
• 3.5 What percentage of maximum capacity do animals use in nature? 59
• 3.6 Emergent behaviors in the field: Defying physiological constraints 61
• 3.7 Slackers and overachievers: Behavioral compensation in nature 62
• 4 The ecology of performance III: Physiological ecology 67
• 4.1 Environmental influences on performance 67
• 4.2 Energetics and movement 68
• 4.3 Aerobic versus anaerobic metabolism 71
• 4.4 Born to run: Variation among animal species in the energetics of movement 73
• 4.5 Feel the burn: Harmful byproducts of movement 76
• 4.6 Temperature and animal performance 78
• 4.7 Acclimation and temperature 82
• 4.8 The ecological context of temperature 85
• 5 The evolution of performance I: Mechanism and anatomy 91
• 5.1 Mechanistic limits on performance 91
• 5.2 The mechanism and anatomy of trade-offs 92
• 5.3 Variation in anatomical structure as a foundation of animal performance 96
• 5.4 Creative arrangement of anatomical structure to enable high performance in suboptimal settings 99
• 5.5 Anatomical structure as a way of overcoming physical limits 103
• 5.6 Highly specialized performance: How do they do that? 108
• 5.7 Elastic mechanisms for powering rapid movements 110
• 6 The evolution of performance II: Convergence, key innovations, and adaptation 117
• 6.1 How does performance evolve? 117
• 6.2 Quantitative analysis of evolutionary data 119
• 6.3 A model for understanding the evolution of performance 120
• 6.4 Convergent evolution of morphology and performance traits 120
• 6.5 Tinkering and animal performance: How variation among species has resulted in evolution of novel performance capacities 130
• 6.6 Key innovations, adaptive radiation, and the invasion of novel habitats 135
• 7 Trade-offs and constraints on performance 143
• 7.1 Trade-offs, performance, and optimization 143
• 7.2 Why expect a trade-off? 144
• 7.3 Trade-offs within and among species 146
• 7.4 Mechanical constraints on performance 147
• 7.5 Innovations, constraints, and trade-offs 155
• 7.6 Ecological and reproductive constraints on performance 158
• 7.7 Overcoming trade-offs: The role of behavior 160
• 8 Sexual selection and performance 163
• 8.1 What is sexual selection? 163
• 8.2 A functional approach to sexual selection 164
• 8.3 Male competition and performance 165
• 8.4 Are sexual signals honest signals of male performance? 167
• 8.5 Sexual selection imposing costs on performance 171
• 8.6 Female choice and performance 174
• 8.7 Asymmetry and performance 177
• 9 Extreme performance: The good, the bad, and the extremely rapid 181
• 9.1 Extreme performance: If the Olympics were open to oribatid mites 181
• 9.2 Extreme performance: Overcoming limits 182
• 9.3 Need for speed: Extremely rapid movements 184
• 9.4 The evolution of morphological novelties 190
• 9.5 Morphological and physiological mechanisms of extreme performance 192
• 9.6 Behavioral means for greatly enhancing performance 195
• 10 Genetics, geographic variation, and community ecology 200
• 10.1 Animal athletics from a population perspective 200
• 10.2 The genetic basis of animal athletics 202
• 10.3 Geographic variation in performance capacity 205
• 10.4 The role of community structure in molding animal athletics 208
• 10.5 Many-to-one mapping, and communities 214
• 11 Human athletics: A lank to nonhuman animals? 220
• 11.1 Humans versus other animals 220
• 11.2 Performance specialists versus generalists 221
• 11.3 Training impacts 222
• 11.4 Steroids and performance 226
• 11.5 Are athletes anatomically different? 229
• 11.6 Extreme sports and human mortality 231
• 12 Conclusion 236.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

• 9780199296545
• 0199296545
• 9780199296552
• 0199296553

OCLC:

920454075