Reducing the cultivation of opium poppies in southern Afghanistan / Victoria A. Greenfield, Keith Crane, Craig A. Bond, Nathan Chandler, Jill E. Luoto, Olga Oliker.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Greenfield, Victoria A., 1964- author.

Crane, Keith, 1953- author.

Bond, Craig A., author.

Chandler, Nathan, author.

Luoto, Jill, author.

Oliker, Olga, author.

Contributor:

Rand Corporation. National Security Research Division, researcher, researcher.

Rand Corporation, issuing body, issuing body.

Series:

Research report (Rand Corporation) ; RR-1075-DOS.

[Research report] ; RR-1075-DOS

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Opium trade--Afghanistan.

Opium trade.

Rural development.

Agriculture.

Opium poppy growers.

Afghanistan.

Opium poppy growers--Afghanistan.

Afghanistan--Agriculture.

Rural development--Afghanistan.

Physical Description:

xxxi, 233 pages : illustrations (chiefly color), color graphs, color map ; 23 cm.

Place of Publication:

Santa Monica, Calif. : Rand Corporation, [2015]

Summary:

This report identifies o broad range of factors that drive opium poppy cultivation in southern Afghanistan, the locus of opium production in that country, and assesses the positive and negative effects of programs designed to promote rural development, eradicate opium poppies, or otherwise create incentives for farmers to reduce the cultivation of opium poppies. The authors consider the decision to cultivate opium poppy or other crops from the perspective of farmers who must balance concerns about household income and food sufficiency in the context of socio-economic and environmental factors that, for example, relate to security, eradication, and environmental risks; governance and religiosity; landholding terms and conditions; household circumstances; and agricultural input costs and commodity prices. A factor might encourage or discourage opium poppy cultivation and, in some instances, it could have indeterminate or conflicting effects. Then, the authors examine how rural development, crop eradication, and other programs touch on the factors-and affect poppy cultivation-through mechanisms that include subsidies on fertilizer, high-quality wheat seed, saplings and vines, and farm equipment and facilities; infrastructure investment; training; introduction of non-traditional crops; cash-for-work programs; improved market links; and non-agricultural rural income. On the basis of the assessment, the authors also provide advice on how to design programs that might better serve to reduce the cultivation of opium poppies in southern Afghanistan over the long term. Book jacket.

Contents:

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

Purpose 3

Methodology and Organization 4

Policy Recommendations 9

Chapter 2 Household-Level Conditions and Dynamics 11

Risk and Uncertainty 12

Shifting Cultivation Patterns 17

Landholdings, Household Size, and Observed Land Allocations 25

Concluding Remarks 36

Chapter 3 Effects of Socio-Economic and Other Environmental Conditions on Opium Poppy Production 39

The Factor Map and Glossary 45

Factor-by-Factor Evidence 51

Concluding Remarks 84

Chapter 4 Rural Development Programs in Afghanistan 85

Sources of Income 87

Program Selection 89

1 Agricultural Development Program-Southern Region (ADP South) 92

2 Afghanistan Vouchers for Increased Production in Agriculture (AVIPA) 107

3 Afghanistan Vouchers for Increased Production in Agriculture-Plus (AVIPA-Pius) 116

4 Helmand Agriculture and Rural Development Program (HARDP) 129

5 Incentives Driving Economic Alternatives for the North, East, and West (IDEA-NEW) 138

6 Comprehensive Agriculture and Rural Development Facility (CARD-F) 152

7 Commercial Horticulture and Agricultural Marketing Program (CHAMP) 158

Chapter 5 Programs with Crop-Eradication Features 167

Governor-Led Eradication 168

Good Performers Initiative 175

Helmand Food Zone Program 181

Chapter 6 Policy and Programmatic Guidance 197

Rural Development Programs 198

Other Programs 212

Recommendations for INL 214.

Notes:

"Rand National Security Research Division."

"Appendixes" are listed in table of contents, but are available only online.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 221-233).

ISBN:

9780833090485

0833090488

OCLC:

913974315

Online:

Related Electronic Resource: Publisher's web page for this work, including abstract, table of contents, and links to scanned depiction of full text, images, and appendixes: