Democracy by decree : prospects and limits of imposed consociational democracy in Bosnia and Herzegovina / Adis Merdzanovic.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Merdzanovic, Adis, author.

Contributor:

Sabin W. Colton, Jr., Memorial Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Coalition governments.

Bosnia and Herzegovina--Poltiics and government--1992-.

Nationalism--Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Nationalism.

Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Coalition governments--Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Physical Description:

xiv, 421 pages ; 24 cm

Place of Publication:

Stuttgart, Germany : Ibidem-Verlag, [2015]

Summary:

The introduction of consociational power sharing as a post-war political system has become one of the international community's preferred post-conflict devices. In situations where warring polities are internally divided by ethnic, religious, linguistic, or national identity, consociationalism guarantees the inclusion of all groups in the political process and prevents a 'tyranny' of the majority over one or more minorities. However, if international actors keep intervening in the political process, the advantages of consociationalism are turned upside down. In this exceptional book, Adis Merdzanovic develops a theoretical and empirical approach to understanding consociational democracies that include external intervention. Using the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the consociational Dayton Peace Agreement ended the three-year war between Serbs, Croats, and Bosniaks twenty years ago, it elaborates on the different approaches used in the past and gives practical recommendations for future state-building exercises by the international community. Book jacket.

Contents:

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Case Selection 4

1.2 Methodology 6

1.3 Structure 9

Part I Nationalism 13

2 Theories of Nationalism-A Brief Survey 15

2.1 Nation and Nationalism 17

2.1.1 Modernists and Primordialists 17

2.1.2 The 'Nation' 18

2.1.3 Nationalism 21

2.2 Analysing Nationalism in Contextual Terms 24

2.2.1 The geographical and historical contexts 25

2.2.2 The procedural context 29

3 A Comparative Look at Western Balkan Nationalisms 33

3.1 Elements of Commonality Within Bosnian, Croat, and Serb Nationalisms 34

3.1.1 Ethnicity 35

3.1.2 Historical association 36

3.1.3 Religion 39

3.1.4 Language 43

3.2 Nationalism in Serbia-Martyrdom and Uprising 45

3.2.1 Before the uprisings: The ideological foundation of the Serbian uprising 46

3.2.2 From the revolution to the national state and beyond 48

3.3 Nationalism in Croatia-Historic Statehood Rights 55

3.3.1 The Illyrian movement 55

3.3.2 The Croat national movement 57

3.4 Yugoslavtsm-Two Forms of a Failed Idea 59

3.4.1 Yugoslavism-Jugoslovenstvo 59

3.4.2 Yugoslav 'brotherhood and unity' 65

3.4.3 Renewed nationalism and the collapse of Yugoslavia 69

4 Nationalism in Bosnia-Herzegovina 73

4.1 Historical Roots of Bosnian Identity: Medieval Bosnia 76

4.2 Bosnia Under Ottoman Rule 79

4.3 Bosnian Muslims, Bosnian Croats, Bosnian Serbs 84

4.3.1 'National' agitation under Ottoman rule 86

4.3.2 Nationalism in Habsburg Bosnia 91

4.3.3 Bosnian national identities in the two Yugoslavias 96

4.4 Conclusion 101

Part II Consociationalism 105

5 A Brief Introduction to Consociational Theory 107

5.1 Contemporary Consociationalism and its Critics 113

5.2 The Original Model and Elite Behaviour 123

5.3 The Origins of Cooperation 127

6 'imposed Consociation' 131

6.1 Intervention and Imposition 131

6.2 Consociational Democracy and the International Context 136

6.3 The Concept of 'Imposed Consociation' 139

6.3.1 Assumptions: minimal consensus and group cohesion 143

6.3.2 Elite behaviour in imposed and ordinary consociations compared 145

6 A Anticipated Critique of the Concept of the 'Imposed Consociation' 159

Part III Bosnia and Herzegovina 163

7 Consociationalism in Bosnia-Herzegovina 165

7.1 The Central State 165

7.2 The Entities 167

7.3 People vs. Citizens 173

7.4 Brcko District 174

7.5 Bosnian Consociation 176

7.6 The High Representative 179

8 Political Elites and Political Quarrels 185

8.1 The Historical Statehood of Bosnia-Herzegovina 191

8.2 The People and the Society 197

8.3 Debating the State 204

8.3.1 The relationship between the state and the entities: more, or less federalism? 204

8.3.2 The Croat Question 215

8.3.3 The misuse of the Sejdic and Find verdict 221

9 The Office of the High Representative from 1996 to 2013 225

9.1 Carl Bildt (1996-1997) 229

9.1.1 The political landscape before the first post-war elections 230

9.1.2 Setting up the new state 236

9.1.3 The efforts of the High Representative 240

9.2 Carlos Westendorp (1997-1999) 246

9.2.1 The pre-Bonn phase 247

9.2.2 Towards the Bonn powers 253

9.2.3 The post-Bonn powers phase 258

9.3 Wolfgang Petritsch (1999-2002) 271

9.3.1 Dependency vs. ownership 273

9.3.2 The Alliance for Change 280

9.3.3 The Mrakovica-Sarajevo Agreement and its implications 288

9.4 Paddy Ashdown (2002-2006) 292

9.4.1 The end of ownership and the African chief approach 294

9.4.2 The push and pull of Euro-Atlantic integration 299

9.4.3 The assumption of full gubernatorial power 305

9.5 Christian Schwarz-Schilling (2006-2007) 313

9.5.1 Taking ownership seriously once again 315

9.5.2 The closure of the OHR 319

9.5.3 The April package and the 2006 elections 322

9.6 Miroslav Lajcak (2007-2009) 331

9.6.1 The doctrine of non-intervention 332

9.6.2 The showdown of 2007 335

9.6.3 International divisions and the 5+2 agenda 339

9.7 Valentin Inzko (2009-Present) 344

9.7.1 The contemporary role of the OHR and the Bonn powers 345

10 Bosnia-Herzegovina as an 'Imposed Consociation' 351

10.1 The Assumptions of 'Imposed Consociation' in the Bosnian Context 351

10.2 The OHR as the Prototypical International Regulating Body (IRB) 356

10.3 The Incentive Structures in Contemporary Bosnia-Herzegovina 362

Part IV Concluding Remarks 369

11 Conclusion 371

Epilogue 383

12 A Short Postscript on Other Cases: Macedonia and Kosovo 385

12.1 The Historical Context 385

12.2 The Assumptions of an 'imposed Consociation' in Macedonia and Kosovo 389

12.3 The International Regulating Body 392

12.4 The Incentive Structure in Post-Conflict Macedonia and Kosovo 395

12.5 Conclusion 398

13 Annex 401

13.1 Topic Guide for in Interviews with Local Political Leaders 401

13.2 List of Interview Partners 403

13.3 List of OHR Decisions 405

14 Bibliography 407.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Sabin W. Colton, Jr., Memorial Fund.

ISBN:

3838207920

9783838207926

OCLC:

911171902

Publisher Number:

99964556511