The verbal system of the Dead Sea scrolls : tense, aspect, and modality in Qumran Hebrew texts / by Ken M. Penner.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Penner, Ken M., author.

Series:

Studia Semitica Neerlandica ; volume 64.

Studia Semitica Neerlandica ; volume 64

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Dead Sea scrolls.

Hebrew language--Verb.

Hebrew language.

Hebrew language--Grammar.

Dead Sea scrolls--Language, style.

Physical Description:

xii, 228 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 25 cm.

Place of Publication:

Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2015]

Summary:

"In Verbs in the Dead Sea Scrolls: Tense, Aspect, or Mood? Ken M. Penner determines whether Qumran Hebrew finite verbs are primarily temporal, aspectual, or modal. Standard grammars claim Hebrew was aspect-prominent in the Bible, and tense-prominent in the Mishnah. But the semantic value of the verb forms in the intervening period in which the Dead Sea Scrolls were written has remained controversial. Penner answers the question of Qumran Hebrew verb form semantics using an empirical method: a database calculating the correlation between each form and each function, establishing that the ancient author's selection of verb form is determined not by aspect, but by tense or modality. Penner then applies these findings to controversial interpretations of three Qumran texts"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

1 Hebrew Tense and Aspect 1

1.1 Tense, Aspect, and Modality 6

1.1.1 The Event Model 7

1.1.1.1 Standard View of Tense: Comrie 11

1.1.1.2 Standard View of Aspect: Comrie 15

1.1.1.3 Standard View of Modality: Palmer 18

1.2 Survey of Linguistic Studies of Qumran Hebrew 19

1.2.1 Early Studies of iQIsa^a 20

1.2.2 Murtonen 22

1.2.3 Driver 23

1.2.4 De Vries 24

1.2.5 Kesterson 24

1.2.6 Thorion-Vardi 26

1.2.7 Vegas Montaner 28

1.2.8 Smith 30

1.2.9 Qimron 31

1.2.10 Zuber 31

1.2.11 Abegg 33

1.2.12 Margain 34

1.2.13 Hoist 34

1.2.14 Geiger 35

1.3 Selected Work on Biblical Hebrew Tense, Aspect, and Mood 37

1.3.1 Absolute Tense Models 38

1.3.2 Relative Tense Models 40

1.3.3 Aspect Models 43

1.3.3.1 The Origin of the Aspect Model 44

1.3.3.2 Modern Revisions of the Aspect Model 46

1.3.4 Modality Models 48

1.3.4.1 Zuber 49

1.3.4.2 Hatav 52

1.3.4.3 Joosten 54

1.3.4.4 Summary of Modality Models 57

1.3.5 The Panchronic Model 57

1.3.6 Discourse Analysis 60

1.3.7 Summary of Selected Work on Biblical Hebrew 62

1.4. The Transition from Biblical to Qumran Hebrew 62

1.4.1 Developments in Late Biblical Hebrew 65

1.4.2 Ben Sira 67

1.4.3 Scribal Modernization 68

1.5. Summary 69

2.1. Methodological Issues 70

2.1.1 Encoding 70

2.1.2 Synchronic or Diachronic? Language Change 75

2.1.3 Empirical or Theoretical? Natural Language Acquisition 78

2.1.4 Corpus Selection 81

2.1.5 Quantifiable Bidirectional Correlations 84

2.1.6 Determining Tense, Aspect, and Mood Using the Event Model 86

2.1.6.1 Hebrew Tense: Revell 86

2.1.6.2 Hebrew Aspect: Garr 88

2.1.6.3 Hatav on Modality 90

2.1.6.4 The Methodological Utility of an Event Model 93

2.1.7 Reducing the Impact of Equivocal Data 93

2.2. Practical Method 94

2.2.1 Tagging 95

2.2.1.1 Formal Features 96

2.2.1.2 Semantic Functions 103

2.2.1.3 Tagging a Sample Text: A Walkthrough 113

2.2.2 Analysis and Synthesis 118

2.2.2.1 Most Common 120

2.2.2.2 General Tabulation 120

2.2.2.3 Conditioned Tabulation 123

2.2.2.4 The Forms for Each Function 123

2.2.2.5 The Functions for Each Form 124

2.2.2.6 Exceptions to the TAM Overlap 124

2.2.2.7 Ambiguous Data 125

2.3. Summary of Methodology 125

3 Analysis and Synthesis 126

3.1. Analysis 126

3.1.1 General Tabulation and Most Common Forms 126

3.1.2 Conditioned Tabulation 131

3.1.2.1 Conditions Effecting Qualitative Change 133

3.1.2.2 Conditions Quantitatively Affecting Correlations 141

3.1.2.3 Conditions with No Significant Effect 142

3.1.3 The Unconditioned Clause 147

3.1.3.1 Dynamic 147

3.1.3.2 Stative 148

3.2. Synthesis 149

3.2.1 Conversive / Consecutive/Relative Forms 150

3.2.2 Arbitration 154

3.3. Findings 156

3.4. Synchronic Comparison: The Distinctiveness of 4QMMT's Language 158

4 Application of Findings 161

4.1. Realized or Future Salvation in the Hodayot 161

4.1.1 The Problem 161

4.1.2 iQH<sup>a<\sup> 11:20-37 (= Sukenik 3:19-36) 164

4.1.3 The Essence of the Disagreement 166

4.1.3.1 Kuhn's Argument for Present-Realized Salvation 166

4.1.3.2 Puech's Argument for Future-Expected Salvation 169

4.1.4 The Contribution of This Study 171

4.1.4.1 Testing Kuhn's Assumptions 171

4.1.4.2 Testing Puech's Assumptions 174

4.2. Historical Referents in the Pesharim 176

4.2.1 The Problem 176

4.2.2 iQpHab 10:3-5; 11:14; and 12:5 177

4.2.3 4QpNah3-41:5-7 184

4.2.4 The Contribution of This Study 189

4.2.4.1 4QpNah 189

4.2.4.2 1QpHab 192

4.3. Summary of Application 194

5 Conclusion 195

5.1. Summary 195

5.2. Diachronic Comparisons with Biblical and Mishnaic Hebrew

5.2.1.1 Agreement of QH and BH against MH 197

5.2.1.2 Disagreement of QH with Both BH and MH

5.2.1.3 Agreement of QH with MH against BH 199

5.3. For Further Study 201

5.3.1 Modality 201

5.3.2 Wayyiqtols 202

5.3.2.1 Wayyiqtol Morphology 202

5.3.2.2 Wayyiqtol and Weqatal Sequentiality 202

5.3.3 Further Syntactic Studies 202.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 205-218) and indexes.

ISBN:

9789004298439

9004298436

OCLC:

910424400