Human physiology in extreme environments / Hanns-Christian Gunga, Oliver Opatz, Mathias Steinach, Alexander Christoph Stahn.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Gunga, Hanns-Christian, author.

Opatz, Oliver (Oliver Sven), 1973- author.

Steinach, Mathias, author.

Stahn, Alexander Christoph, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Extreme environments--Physiological effect.

Extreme environments.

Genre:

Electronic books.

Physical Description:

1 online resource

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam : Academic Press, [2015]

System Details:

Mode of access: World Wide Web.

text file

Summary:

Human Physiology in Extreme Environments is the one publication that offers how human biology and physiology is affected by extreme environments while highlighting technological innovations that allow us to adapt and regulate environments. Covering a broad range of extreme environments, including high altitude, underwater, tropical climates, and desert and arctic climates as well as space travel, this book will include case studies for practical application. Graduate students, medical students and researchers will find Human Physiology in Extreme Environments an interesting, informative and useful resource for human physiology, environmental physiology and medical studies.

Contents:

1 Introduction / Hanns-Christian Gunga Gunga, Hanns-Christian 1

1.1 Universe 1

1.2 Galaxies 3

1.3 Planetary System 5

1.4 Earth-Moon System 7

1.4.1 Origin of the Earth-Moon System 7

1.4.2 Earth-Moon System and the Development of Life on Earth 9

1.4.3 Earth 9

1.5 Life 10

1.5.1 Palaeontological Aspects 12

1.5.2 Anthropological Aspects 17

References 32

2 Methodology / Alexander Christoph Stahn Stahn, Alexander Christoph, Hanns-Christian Gunga Gunga, Hanns-Christian 39

2.1 Introduction 39

2.2 Historical Aspects 39

2.3 Accelerating Growth of Technology 42

2.4 Characteristics of Mobile Technologies for Field Use 45

2.5 Smart Devices 48

2.5.1 Circadian Rhythm in Extreme Environments 48

2.5.2 Fatigue and Cognitive Performance 59

2.6 Outlook 67

References 68

3 Exercise Physiology / Mathias Steinach Steinach, Mathias, Hanns-Christian Gunga Gunga, Hanns-Christian 77

3.1 Introduction 77

3.2 Physical Principles 78

3.3 Ergometry 79

3.4 Energy Expenditure 79

3.4.1 Indirect Calorimetry 81

3.4.2 Metabolic Equivalent and Oxygen Consumption 83

3.4.3 Energy Efficiency 84

3.5 VO₂max 84

3.6 Energy Sources and Storage 86

3.7 Musculature 88

3.7.1 Fiber Types 88

3.8 Energy and Exercise Intensity 90

3.9 Lactate Threshold 93

3.10 Oxygen Supply 96

3.10.1 Respiration 96

3.10.2 Blood Transport 96

3.1 0.3 Cardiac Output and Blood Distribution 97

3.10.4 Fick's Principle 98

3.10.5 Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption 99

3.11 Strength 100

3.12 Training 101

3.13 Sport, Health, and Evolutionary Aspects 103

References 105

4 Pressure Environment / Oliver Opatz Opatz, Oliver, Hanns-Christian Gunga Gunga, Hanns-Christian 117

4.1 Hypobaric Environment 117

4.1.1 Introduction 117

4.1.2 Physiology 124

4.1.3 Altitude Diseases 134

4.2 Hyperbaric Environment 138

4.2.1 History 139

4.2.2 Gas Laws 140

4.2.3 Comparative Physiology 143

4.2.4 Mammalian Diving Reflex 143

4.2.5 Humans in the Hyperbaric Environment 144

4.2.6 Diseases Related to Exposure to the Hyperbaric Environment 149

4.2.7 Treatment 153

References 154

5 Desert and Tropical Environment / Hanns-Christian Gunga Gunga, Hanns-Christian 161

5.1 Introduction 161

5.2 Thermal Balance 163

5.2.1 Ectothermic and Endothermic Metabolism 163

5.2.2 Neutral Temperature Zone 165

5.3 Heat Production 166

5.3.1 Metabolic Heat Production and Metabolic Rate 166

5.3.2 Thermal Balance under Different Physical and Environmental Settings 166

5.3.3 Influencing Factors 167

5.4 Methodologies of Core Body Temperature Measurement 167

5.5 Basics of Heat Transfer 170

5.5.1 Internal Heat Transfer 170

5.5.2 External Heat Transfer 171

5.5.3 Conduction 172

5.5.4 Radiation 173

5.5.5 Evaporation 174

5.6 Thermoregulation 179

5.6.1 Cardiovascular Regulation 181

5.6.2 Water/Salt Homeostasis 184

5.7 Special Temperature Regulation 184

5.7.1 Heat Production During Physical Work 184

5.7.2 Heat Loss 185

5.7.3 Age-Dependent Temperature Regulation 186

5.8 Adaptation, Acclimatization, Acclimation, and Habituation 187

5.8.1 Definitions 187

5.8.2 Special Adaptations 190

5.9 Hyperthermia and Fever 194

5.9.1 Hyperthermia 194

5.9.2 Fever 197

5.10 Thermoregulation and Climate 201

5.10.1 Definitions 201

5.11 Outlook: Global Warming and Human Health 202

5.12 Summary 207

References 209

6 Cold Environments / Mathias Steinach Steinach, Mathias, Hanns-Christian Gunga Gunga, Hanns-Christian 215

6.1 Introduction 215

6.2 Arctic Regions 217

6.2.1 The Yukon Arctic Ultra 220

6.2.2 Study Design 221

6.2.3 Results and Discussion 223

6.2.4 Limitations 231

6.3 Antarctic Regions 232

6.3.1 Introduction 232

6.3.2 General Descriptions 238

6.3.3 Results and Discussion 251

6.3.4 Limitations 261

6.4 Summary 261

References 262

7 Space / Hanns-Christian Gunga Gunga, Hanns-Christian 273

7.1 Introduction 273

7.2 Mission Scenarios 273

7.3 Major Physiological and Medical Limitations During Long-Term Spaceflight 275

7.4 Life Support Systems on ISS 277

7.5 Experience to Date 279

7.6 Special Medical Physiological Problems Arising from Residence in Space 283

7.6.1 Changes in Body Composition 284

7.6.2 Cardiovascular System 284

7.6.3 Muscles and Skeletal System 285

7.6.4 Sensory Systems 288

7.6.5 Diet 288

7.6.6 Radiation 289

7.6.7 Psycho-Physiological Problems Arising from Residence in Space 292

7.6.8 Countermeasures 296

7.6.9 Emergency and Rescue Mission Scenarios 299

7.6.10 Outlook 306

References 307.

Notes:

Online resource; title from PDF title page (Ebsco, viewed Jan. 14, 2015).

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9780123869982

0123869986

OCLC:

897376625

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.