The Development of Old English / Don Ringe and Ann Taylor.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Ringe, Don, Jr., 1954- author.

Taylor, Ann, author.

Contributor:

Oxford Scholarship Online.

Constance L. Rosenthal Book Fund.

Series:

Linguistic history of English ; volume II.

A linguistic history of English ; volume II

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

English language--Old English, ca. 450-1100.

English language.

English language--Old English.

Genre:

Electronic books.

Physical Description:

1 online resource.

polychrome

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press, 2014.

System Details:

text file

Summary:

This volume traces the development of English phonology and morphology from Proto-Germanic to Old English of about the year 900 and describes Old English syntax in a modern framework from a historical perspective. An introduction describing the linguistic state of early Old English in general terms is followed by two chapters detailing the changes that can be shown to have occurred from Proto-Germanic to Proto-Northwest Germanic and from the latter to Proto-West Germanic. The fourth chapter is a grammatical sketch of Proto-West Germanic. There follows a chapter on developments that occurred in the northern part of the West Germanic speech area. Chapter 6 describes the phonological changes that occurred in the separate development of Old English, with special attention to the recoverable relative chronology of the changes; Chapter 7 does the same for morphological changes. Finally, Chapter 8 is a comprehensive description of Old English syntax in a modern theoretical framework, with notes on changes that occurred during the attested Old English period and on what little can be recovered of the syntactic prehistory of the language. The discussion throughout is technical; it is meant to be accessible especially to linguists who do not specialize in Old English nor in historical linguistics, but it will also be of use to students who already have some background in linguistics.

Contents:

1 Introduction 1

1.1 The state of early Old English 3

1.1.1 The system of surface-contrastive sounds 3

1.1.2 Morphosyntactic categories and their morphological expression 6

1.2 Attestation of the dialects of OE 7

1.3 Early OE documents 8

2 The development and diversification of Northwest Germanic 10

2.1 Northwest Germanic sound changes 10

2.1.1 Sound changes narrowly datable to Proto-Northwest Germanic 10

2.1.2 Sound changes partly shared with Gothic 17

2.2 Proto-Northwest Germanic morphological innovations 20

2.3 Parallel developments in Northwest Germanic 24

2.3.1 Post-PNWGmc sound changes 24

2.3.2 Post-PNWGmc morphological changes 37

3 The development and diversification of West Germanic 41

3.1 Proto-West Germanic sound changes 41

3.1.1 Changes of coronal consonants 41

3.1.2 Changes of final-syllable vocalics 44

3.1.3 The resolution of labiovelars and gemination 48

3.1.4 Further Auslautgesetze 55

3.1.5 Minor sound changes 61

3.2 Proto-West Germanic morphological innovations 67

3.2.1 Changes in verb inflection 67

3.2.2 Changes in nominal inflection 78

3.3 Parallel developments in West Germanic 82

3.3.1 Post-PWGmc sound changes 82

3.3.2 Post-PWGmc morphological changes 88

3.4 Relative chronology of sound changes 103

4 A grammatical sketch of Proto-West Germanic 105

4.1 Proto-West Germanic phonology 105

4.2 Proto-West Germanic morphology 106

4.2.1 PWGmc verb inflection 107

4.2.2 PWGmc noun inflection 114

4.2.3 PWGmc adjective inflection 119

4.2.4 PWGmc numeral inflection 120

4.2.5 PWGmc pronominal inflection 122

4.3 The Proto-West Germanic lexicon 126

4.3.1 Lexemes unique to West Germanic 126

4.3.2 Meanings unique to West Germanic 128

4.3.3 West Germanic innovations in derivational morphology 129

4.3.4 Loanwords in Proto-West Germanic 133

5 The northern West Germanic dialects 139

5.1 Northern West Germanic sound changes 139

5.1.1 Two changes fully shared by Old Saxon 139

5.1.2 Nasalization, fronting, and related changes 142

5.1.3 Other northern WGmc sound changes 155

5.2 Northern West Germanic morphological innovations 158

5.3 Some northern West Germanic lexical innovations 165

6 The separate prehistory of Old English: sound changes 167

6.1 Fronting of low vowels and the development of diphthongs 167

6.1.1 The distribution of the outcomes of fronting 167

6.1.2 Tensing of diphthong nuclei and subsequent developments 170

6.2 Breaking and related changes 175

6.2.1 Breaking before *h 176

6.2.2 Breaking before *rC 180

6.2.3 Breaking and retraction before *1C 184

6.2.4 Diphthongization of *e and *i before *w and *lw 187

6.2.5 Further developments of *h: phonetic considerations 188

6.3 General retraction of *æ and *æ; phonemicization of low vowel allophones 189

6.3.1 General retraction of *æ 189

6.3.2 Alternations and the phonemicization of short low vowel allophones 193

6.3.3 West Saxon retraction of *æ and other minor changes 199

6.4 Palatalization and the loss of *w after velars 203

6.4.1 Palatalization of velars 203

6.4.2 Loss of *w after non-initial velars 214

6.5 Palatal diphthongization and the Mercian second fronting 215

6.5.1 West saxon diphthongization by initial palatals 215

6.5.2 The Mercian second fronting 218

6.6 I-umlaut 222

6.6.1 Fronting of back vowels 222

6.6.2 Raising of *æ 236

6.6.3 I-umlaut of diphthongs 240

6.6.4 Double umlaut; the scope of i-umlaut 251

6.7 Syncope and related changes 257

6.7.1 Early changes of front vowels and loss of *w before *i 257

6.7.2 Voicing of anterior fricatives 261

6.7.3 General syncope of short vowels 264

6.7.4 Other cases of syncope 273

6.7.5 Four consequences of general syncope 279

6.8 Apocope and related changes 284

6.8.1 Apocope of short high vowels 284

6.8.2 Further consequences of syncope and apocope 296

6.8.3 Shortening of unstressed long vowels 298

6.8.4 Relative chronology of sound changes 303

6.9 Changes after apocope 305

6.9.1 Loss of *h with compensatory lengthening 305

6.9.2 Anglian monophthongization ('smoothing') 308

6.9.3 Loss of intervocalic *h and contraction 314

6.9.4 Back umlaut 319

6.9.5 Epenthesis 327

6.9.6 Mergers of unstressed vowels 332

6.9.7 The Kentish front vowel mergers; palatal umlaut 336

6.10 Other sound changes 338

6.10.1 Developments of the OE diphthongs 338

6.10.2 Miscellaneous sound changes 339

7 The separate prehistory of Old English: morphological changes 342

7.1 OE changes in verb inflection 342

7.1.1 Stem formation of strong verbs 342

7.1.2 The 28g. and 38g. forms of strong and class I weak presents 349

7.1.3 Other changes in verb endings 353

7.1.4 Stem formation of weak verbs 356

7.1.5 Class III weak verbs 362

7.1.6 Preterite-presents and anomalous verbs 368

7.2 OE changes in noun inflection 374

7.2.1 Syncretism and the syntactic merger of cases 374

7.2.2 Changes in inflectional endings 377

7.2.3 Changes in inflectional classes 383

7.2.4 Levelling in nound paradigms 386

7.3 OE changes in the inflection of other nominals 388

7.3.1 Changes in the inflection of adjectives 388

7.3.2 Changes in the inflection of numerals 388

7.3.3 Changes in pronominal inflection 389

8 Old English syntax 392

8.1 Introduction 392

8.1.1 Theoretical assumptions 392

8.2 Clausal syntax(CP/TP) 395

8.2.1 Proto-Indo-European 395

8.2.2 Germanic 396

8.2.3 Verb position in OE 396

8.2.4 Negation 410

8.2.5 Rightward movement processes 411

8.2.6 Leftward movement processes 414

8.2.7 Conjoined clauses 419

8.3 The verb phrase (VP) 420

8.3.1 The VP in Germanic/PIE 420

8.3.2 The headedness of VP in OE 421

8.4 Periphrastic verb constructions 424

8.4.1 The (pre-)modals 424

8.4.2 The Progressive 428

8.4.3 The passive 429

8.4.4 The perfect 434

8.4.5 Sequencing of auxiliaries 438

8.5 Impersonal constructions 439

8.5.1 Weather verbs 440

8.5.2 Experiencer verbs 440

8.6 Prepositional phrases(PP) 442

8.6.1 Preposition stranding 443

8.7 Nominal phrases (DP/NP/AP) 446

8.7.1 Theoretical background 446

8.7.2 Determiners 447

8.7.3 Adjectives 449

8.7.4 Adnominal genitives 460

8.7.5 Relative clauses 467

8.7.6 Free relative clauses 473

8.7.7 Pronouns 476

8.8 Non-finite subordinate clauses 483

8.8.1 Infinitives 483

8.8.2 Participal constructions 492

8.8.3 Small clauses 498

8.9 Finite subordinate clauses 501

8.9.1 Declarative sentential complements 501

8.9.2 Interrogative complements 504

8.9.3 Finite adverbial clauses 507.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Constance L. Rosenthal Book Fund.

ISBN:

9780191019425

0191019429

OCLC:

894509634

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.