Marine biodiversity, climatic variability and global change / Grégory Beaugrand.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Beaugrand, Grégory, author.

Contributor:

ebrary, Inc.

Harry E. Humphreys Book Fund.

Series:

Earthscan oceans

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Marine biodiversity.

Marine ecology.

Climatic changes.

Nature--Effect of human beings on.

Nature.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xi, 474 pages, 36 unnumbered pages of plates :) : illustrations (chiefly color), maps (chiefly color.

Place of Publication:

Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, 2015.

System Details:

text file

Summary:

Using a multidisciplinary and holistic approach, the book reveals how climatic variability controls biodiversity at timescales ranging from synoptic meteorological events to millions of years and at spatial scales ranging from local sites to the whole ocean. It shows how global change, including anthropogenic climate change, ocean acidification and more direct human influences such as exploitation, pollution and eutrophication may alter biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and regulating and provisioning services. The author proposes a theory termed the 'macroecological theory on the arrangement of life', which explains how biodiversity is organized and how it responds to climatic variability and anthropogenic climate change. The book concludes with recommendations for further research and theoretical development to identify oceanic areas in need of observation and gaps in current scientific knowledge. Many references and comparisons with the terrestrial realm are included in all chapters to better understand the universality of the relationships between biodiversity, climate and the environment. The book will serve as a textbook for all students and researchers of marine science and environmental change, but will also be accessible to the more general reader. Book jacket.

Contents:

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Biodiversity from the land to the ocean 3

1.2 Classification and census of marine biodiversity 3

1.3 Organisation of the book 14

Part 1 Natural environmental variability and marine biodiversity 17

2 Large-scale hydro-climatic variability 19

2.1 The composition and structure of the atmosphere 19

2.2 The earth radiation budget 21

2.3 The thermal engine 23

2.4 Main climatic regions 31

2.5 The oceanic hydrosphere 33

2.6 Hydro-climatic variability 42

3 Large-scale biogeographic patterns 61

3.1 Biogeography: from the terrestrial to the marine realm 61

3.2 Primary compartments of the marine ecosphere 66

3.3 Ecogeographic patterns 79

4 Large-scale biodiversity patterns 84

4.1 The search for a primary cause 84

4.2 Neutral and null models or theories 85

4.3 The area hypothesis 87

4.4 History 89

4.5 Hypotheses based on fundamental processes 90

4.6 The climatic influence 98

4.7 Temperature 107

4.8 Environmental hypotheses 109

4.9 Evolutionary rate 113

4.10 Biotic interactions 113

5 Marine biodiversity through time 120

5.1 Palacoclimatic changes 120

5.2 Natural causes of extinction 142

5.3 Natural contemporaneous changes 150

5.4 Is climate the primary factor? 173

6 Temperature and marine biodiversity 174

6.1 Temperature from the origin of the universe to early lift 174

6.2 Basics and first principles 175

6.3 Effects of temperature at the physiological level 181

6.4 Influence of temperature at the species level 198

6.5 Thermal influence at the community level 205

Part 2 Marine biodiversity changes in the Anthropocene 207

7 Biodiversity and anthropogenic climate change 209

7.1 Human, alteration of the greenhouse effect and the radiative budget of the planet 212

7.2 Increase in global air and sea surface temperature 215

7.3 Species responses to anthropogenic climate change 219

7.4 Community/ecosystem response to climate change 244

7.5 Anthropogenic climate change and natural hydro-climatic variability 257

8 Marine biodiversity and ocean acidification 259

8.1 Introduction 259

5.1 Anthropogenic acidification 261

8.1 Effects of acidification on biodiversity 264

8.2 Limitations of past studies on ocean acidification 270

8.3 Conclusions 282

9 Biodiversity and direct anthropogenic effects 283

9.1 Exploitation of marine biodiversity 284

9.2 Pollution 302

9.3 Nutrient enrichment and eittrophication 317

9.4 Oxygen depletion 323

9.5 Introduction and invasion of exotic species 329

9.6 UV-Eradiation 333

9.7 Tourism 337

9.8 Extinction 338

9.9 Interactive effects 340

10 Marine biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, services and human well-being 346

10.1 Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning 346

10.2 Biodiversity changes and ecosystem goods and services 366

10.3 Potential effects of changes in marine biodiversity for global biogeochemistry 384

10.4 Potential feedbacks 390

Part 3 Theorising and scenarising biodiversity 393

11 Theorising and scenarising biodiversity 395

11.1 Introduction 395

11.2 The concept of the ecological niche 396

11.3 Rationale of the METAL theory 405

11.4 The METAL theory 408

11.5 Strength and assumptions of the METAL theory 419

11.6 Limits to predictions in the context of global change 421

11.7 Scenarising biodiversity 428

12 Conclusions 436

12.1 A macroscopic approach 436

12.2 Global monitoring 436

12.3 Towards a uniting ecological theory 437.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Electronic reproduction. Palo Alto, Calif. Available via World Wide Web.

Description based on print version record.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Harry E. Humphreys Book Fund.

ISBN:

9780203127483

020312748X

Publisher Number:

99961454311

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.