Contemporary issues in bioethics / edited by Tom L. Beauchamp ... [and others].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Beauchamp, Tom L.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Ethics, Medical.

Bioethical Issues.

Medical ethics.

Bioethics.

Medical Subjects:

Ethics, Medical.

Bioethical Issues.

Physical Description:

xiv, 777 pages ; 23 cm

Edition:

Eighth edition.

Place of Publication:

Boston : Wadsworth Cengage Learning, [2014]

Summary:

This edition provides balanced coverage and detailed analysis of key topics in bioethics, including human reproduction; euthanasia and assisted suicide; genetics and genetic testing; the right to health care; organ donation and transplantation; human and animal research; as well as policy and planning for public health threats. With a diverse range of classic and contemporary essays and landmark court cases written by influential scholars and judges, this anthology will help you understand bioethics from a variety of perspectives.

Contents:

Chapter 1 Ethical Theory and Bioethics 1

Fundamental Problems 1

The Study of Morality 1

Moral Dilemmas and Disagreements 4

The Problem of Relativism 8

The Acceptability of Moral Diversity and Moral Disagreement 10

Moral Justification 11

Types of Ethical Theory 13

Utilitarian Theories 13

Kantian Theories 16

Contemporary Challenges to the Traditional Theories 17

Virtue Ethics 18

The Ethics of Care 20

Casuistry 21

Ethical Principles 22

Respect for Autonomy 23

Beneficence 24

Justice 26

Policy and Law 30

Ethics and Public Affairs 30

Morality and Law 31

Legal and Moral Rights 32

Law, Authority, and Autonomy 33

Chapter 2 The Health Care Provider-Patient Relationship? 36

Introduction 36

Confidentiality of Medical Information 45

Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, California Supreme Court 45

"A Defense of Unqualified Medical Confidentiality" / Kenneth Kipnis Kipnis, Kenneth 50

"The Legal and Ethical Fiction of 'Pure' Confidentiality" / James G. Hodge Hodge, James G. 57

Truth-Telling and Disclosure of Medical Error 59

"Telling the Truth to Patients with Cancer: What is the Truth?" / Antonella Surbone Surbone, Antonella 59

"A 62-Year-Old Woman With Skin Cancer Who Experienced Wrong-Site Surgery" / Thomas H. Gallagher Gallagher, Thomas H. 65

Informed Consent 72

Canterbury v. Spence, United States Court of Appeals 72

"Physicians and Patients: A History of Silence" / Jay Katz Katz, Jay 74

"The Concept of Informed Consent" / Ruth R. Faden Faden, Ruth R., Tom L. Beauchamp Beauchamp, Tom L. 78

"Against the Tide: Arguments against Respecting a Minor's Refusal of Efficacious Life-Saving Treatment" / Lainie Friedman Ross Ross, Lainie Friedman 83

Refusal of Treatment and Advance Directives 92

Bouvia v. Superior Court, California Court of Appeals 92

Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health, United States Supreme Court 95

"Precommitment: A Misguided Strategy for Securing Death With Dignity" / Rebecca Dresser Dresser, Rebecca 101

Challenges In A Changing Health Care Environment 109

"Consent and Cultural Conflicts: Ethical Issues in Pediatric Anesthesiologists' Participation in Female Genital Cutting" / Maliha A. Darugar Darugar, Maliha A., Rebecca M. Harris Harris, Rebecca M., Joel E. Frader Frader, Joel E. 109

"Conscientious Refusal by Physicians and Pharmacists: Who is Obligated to do What, and Why?" / Dan W. Brock Brock, Dan W. 113

NHS Confederation, "Remote Control: The Patient-Practitioner Relationship in a Digital Age" 121

"Managed Care: Some Basic Ethical Issues" / James F. Childress Childress, James F. 126

Suggested Readings for Chapter 2 133

Chapter 3 Genetics and Genomics 136

Introduction 136

Genetics and Society 142

"Medicine, Eugenics, and the Supreme Court: From Coercive Sterilization to Reproductive Freedom" / Paul A. Lombardo Lombardo, Paul A. 142

"A Not-So-New Eugenics" / Robert Sparrow Sparrow, Robert 149

"What's Morally Wrong with Eugenics?" / Arthur L. Caplan Caplan, Arthur L. 156

World Health Organization, "Analysis: Impact of DNA Patents on Access to Genetic Tests and Genomic Science" 163

Patricia (Winnie) Roche, and Robert C. Green, "GINA, Genism, and Civil Rights" / George J. Annas Annas, George J. 169

Genetic Testing and Screening 172

"From Brute Luck to Option Luck? On Genetics, Justice, and Moral Responsibility in Reproduction" / Yvonne Denier Denier, Yvonne 172

"Ethics, Evidence, and Cost in Newborn Screening" / Mary Ann Baily Baily, Mary Ann, Thomas H. Murray Murray, Thomas H. 182

"The Advent of the 'Unpatients'" / Albert. R. Jonsen Jonsen, Albert. R., Sharon J. Durfy Durfy, Sharon J., Wylie Burke Burke, Wylie, Arno Motulsky Motulsky, Arno 191

"Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing: Perceptions, Problems, and Policy Responses" / Timothy Caulfield Caulfield, Timothy, Amy L. McGuire McGuire, Amy L. 195

Applying Genetic Technologies 201

"Swabbing Students: Should Universities Be Allowed to Facilitate Educational DNA Testing?" / Shawneequa L. Callier Callier, Shawneequa L. 201

"The Ethics of Human Gene Transfer" / Jonathan Kimmelman Kimmelman, Jonathan 208

"The $1000 Genome: Ethical and Legal Issues in Whole Genome Sequencing of Individuals" / John A. Robertson Robertson, John A. 215

"Opposition to Transgenic Technologies: Ideology, Interests and Collective Action Frames" / Ronald J. Herring Herring, Ronald J. 223

Suggested Readings for Chapter 3 229

Chapter 4 Reproduction 234

Introduction 234

Assisted Reproduction and Reprogenetics 245

"The Presumptive Primacy of Procreative Liberty" / John A. Robertson Robertson, John A. 245

"A Philosopher Looks at Assisted Reproduction" / Bonnie Steinbock Steinbock, Bonnie 252

"Free Markets, Free Choice?: A Market Approach to Reproductive Rights" / Debora L. Spar Spar, Debora L. 260

"Self-Regulation, Compensation, and the Ethical Recruitment of Oocyte Donors" / Aaron D. Levine Levine, Aaron D. 265

"Prenatal Diagnosis and Selective Abortion: A Challenge to Practice and Policy" / Adrienne Asch Asch, Adrienne 273

"Genetic Intervention and the Morality of Inclusion" / Allen Buchanan Buchanan, Allen, Dan W. Brock Brock, Dan W., Norman Daniels Daniels, Norman, Daniel Wilder Wilder, Daniel 280

The Problem of Justifying Abortion 289

"Why Abortion is Immoral" / Don Marquis Marquis, Don 289

"Understanding the 'Conservative' View on Abortion" / David Wendler Wendler, David 297

"A Defense of Abortion" / Judith Jarvis Thomson Thomson, Judith Jarvis 305

"Abortion" / Margaret Olivia Little Little, Margaret Olivia 315

Landmark Court Cases On Abortion 323

United States Supreme Court / Roe v. Wade Wade, Roe v. 323

Planned Parenthood v. Casey, United States Supreme Court 328

United States Supreme Court / Gonzales v. Carhart Carhart, Gonzales v. 334

Suggested Readings for Chapter 4 342

Chapter 5 End Of Life 344

Introduction 344

Landmark Legislation and Legal Cases 351

Ballot Measure 16: The Oregon Death with Dignity Act, "Proposed by Initiative Petition to be Voted on at the General Election" 351

Attorney General of New York et al. v. Timothy E. Quill et al, United States Supreme Court / Dennis C. Vacco Vacco, Dennis C. 355

Washington et al. v. Harold Glucksberg et al., United States Supreme Court 357

Attorney General et al. v. Oregon et al, United States Supreme Court / Alberto R. Gonzales Gonzales, Alberto R. 361

Moral Arguments About the Law 366

"The Rise and Fall of the 'Right' to Assisted Suicide" / Yale Kamisar Kamisar, Yale 366

"Physician-Assisted Suicide: A Common Law Roadmap" / Alan Meisel Meisel, Alan 373

"Hastened Death and the Regulation of the Practice of Medicine" / Ronald A. Lindsay Lindsay, Ronald A., Tom L. Beauchamp Beauchamp, Tom L., Rebecca P. Dick Dick, Rebecca P. 381

Moral Issues about Physician-Assisted Death 386

"Voluntary Active Euthanasia" / Dan W. Brock Brock, Dan W. 386

"Vulnerable People: Practical Rejoinders to Claims in Favor of Assisted Suicide" / Felicia Cohn Cohn, Felicia, Joanne Lynn Lynn, Joanne 394

"Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia: Another Battle in the Culture Wars" / H. Tristram Engelhardt Engelhardt, H. Tristram 402

Alternatives To Physician-Assisted Death 405

"An Alternative to Physician-Assisted Suicide" / Bernard Gert Gert, Bernard, Charles M. Culver Culver, Charles M., K. Danner Clouser Clouser, K. Danner 405

"Physician-Assisted Suicide as a Last-Resort Option at the End of Life" / Dan W. Brock Brock, Dan W. 414

Suggested Readings for Chapter 5 422

Chapter 6 Organ Transplantation 424

Introduction 424

Deceased Donation: Definition of Death and Consent 432

"The Definition of Death: Problems for Public Policy" / Robert M. Veatch Veatch, Robert M. 432

"Harvesting the Living?: Separating "Brain Death" and Organ Transplantation" / Courtney S.

Campbell Campbell, Courtney S. 443

"Donation After Circulatory Death: Burying the Dead Donor Rule" / David Rodriguez-Arias Rodriguez-Arias, David, Maxwell J. Smith Smith, Maxwell J., Neil M. Lazar Lazar, Neil M. 450

"Why We Must Leave Our Organs to Others" / D. Micah Hester Hester, D. Micah 457

Allocation of Organs from Deceased Donors 461

"Putting Patients First in Organ Allocation: An Ethical Analysis of the U.S. Debate" / James F. Childress Childress, James F. 461

"Better Off Living-The Ethics of the New UNOS Proposal for Allocating Kidneys for Transplantation" / Peter P. Reese Reese, Peter P., Arthur L. Caplan Caplan, Arthur L. 468

Innovative Approaches for Obtaining Organs 471

"The Ethical Limits in Expanding Living Donor Transplantation" / Lainie Friedman Ross Ross, Lainie Friedman 471

"Ethnocentrism Is an Unacceptable Rationale for Health Care Policy: A Critique of Transplant Tourism Position Statements" / Roger W. Evans Evans, Roger W. 480

"Organ Solicitation on the Internet: Every Man for Himself?" / Jacob M. Appel Appel, Jacob M., Mark D. Fox Fox, Mark D. 487

"Nephrarious Goings On: Kidney Sales and Moral Arguments" / Janet Radcliffe Richards Richards, Janet Radcliffe 490

Suggested Readings for Chapter 6 502

Chapter 7 Biomedical Research and Bioscience 505

Introduction 505

Use of Animals in Research 514

"The Ethics of Animal Research: What Are the Prospects for Agreement?" / David DeGrazia DeGrazia, David 514

"Animals" / R. G. Frey Frey, R. G. 523

Use of Humans in Research 535

The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, "The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research" 535

"Swinging on the Pendulum: Shifting Views of Justice in Human Subjects Research" / Anna Mastroianni Mastroianni, Anna, Jeffrey Kahn Kahn, Jeffrey 542

"The Dangers of Difference" / Patricia A. King King, Patricia A. 548

"The Havasupai Indian Tribe Case-Lessons for Research Involving Stored Biologic Samples" / Michelle M. Mello Mello, Michelle M., Leslie E. Wolf Wolf, Leslie E. 552

"The Exploitation of the Economically Disadvantaged in Pharmaceutical Research" / Tom L. Beauchamp Beauchamp, Tom L. 556

"Ethical and Policy Implications of Clinical Drug Trials Conducted in Developing Countries" / Solomon R. Benatar Benatar, Solomon R., Theodore E. Fleischer Fleischer, Theodore E. 564

Controversial Science and Medicine 570

"The Obligation to Prevent the Next Dual-Use Controversy" / Ruth R. Faden Faden, Ruth R., Ruth A. Karron Karron, Ruth A. 570

"Interests, Identities, and Synthetic Biology" / Thomas H. Murray Murray, Thomas H. 573

"Cognitive Enhancement: Methods, Ethics, Regulatory Challenges" / Nick Bostrom Bostrom, Nick, Anders Sandberg Sandberg, Anders 579

"The Ethics of Regenerative Medicine: Beyond Humanism and Posthumanism" / Gerald P. McKenny McKenny, Gerald P. 588

Suggested Readings for Chapter 7 595

Chapter 8 Justice and Health 598

Introduction 598

Social Justice, Health Policy, and Public Health 606

United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, "The Right of Everyone to the Enjoyment of the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health" 606

"Justice, Health, and Health Care" / Norman Daniels Daniels, Norman 608

"Responsibilities for Poverty-Related Ill Health" / Thomas Pogge Pogge, Thomas 616

"Social Justice, Inequality, and Systematic Disadvantage" / Madison Powers Powers, Madison, Ruth Faden Faden, Ruth 624

Just Health Care and the Right To Health Care 633

"Justice, the Basic Social Contract, and Health Care" / Robert M. Veatch Veatch, Robert M. 633

"The Right to a Decent Minimum of Health Care" / Allen E. Buchanan Buchanan, Allen E. 639

"Rights to Health Care, Social Justice, and Fairness in Health Care Allocations: Frustrations in the Face of Finitude" / H. Tristram Engelhardt Engelhardt, H. Tristram 645

Priority Setting In Health Care and Public Health 653

"The Necessity of Rationing Health Care" / Peter A. Ubel Ubel, Peter A. 653

"Priority to the Worse Off in Health-Care Resource Prioritization" / Dan W. Brock Brock, Dan W. 660

Suggested Readings for Chapter 8 667

Chapter 9 Public Health 669

Introduction 669

Approaches To Public Health Ethics 675

"Public Health Ethics: Mapping the Terrain" / James F. Childress Childress, James F. 675

"Human Rights and Public Health Ethics: Responding to the Global HTV/AIDS Pandemic" / Jonathan Cohen Cohen, Jonathan, Nancy Kass Kass, Nancy, Chris Beyrer Beyrer, Chris 685

Promotion and Prevention 699

"Persuasion and Coercion for Health: Ethical Issues in Government Efforts to Change Life-Styles" / Daniel I. Wikler Wikler, Daniel I. 699

"Guilt, Fear, Stigma and Knowledge Gaps: Ethical Issues, in Public Health Communication Interventions" / Nurit Guttman Guttman, Nurit, Charles T. Salmon Salmon, Charles T. 712

Management of Communicable Diseases 720

"Privacy, Democracy and the Politics of Disease Surveillance" / Amy L. Fairchild Fairchild, Amy L., Ronald Bayer Bayer, Ronald, James Colgrove Colgrove, James 720

"Jacobson v. Massachusetts at 100 Years: Police Power and Civil Liberties in Tension" / Lawrence O. Gostin Gostin, Lawrence O. 729

"Restrictions on Liberty" / Matthew K. Wynia Wynia, Matthew K. 734

"Why We Should Eliminate Personal Belief Exemptions to Vaccine Mandates" / John D. Lantos Lantos, John D., Mary Anne Jackson Jackson, Mary Anne, Christopher J. Harrison Harrison, Christopher J. 738

"Finding the Proper Balance between Freedom and Justice: Why We Should Not Eliminate Personal Belief Exemptions to Vaccine Mandates" / Douglas J. Opel Opel, Douglas J., Douglas S. Diekema Diekema, Douglas S. 743

"The Ethics of Implementing Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Developed Countries" / Erik Malmqvist Malmqvist, Erik 746

Pandemic Preparedness and Response 754

"Ethics and Severe Pandemic Influenza: Maintaining Essential Functions through a Fair and Considered Response" / Nancy E. Kass Kass, Nancy E. 754

"Ethics, Pandemics, and the Duty to Treat" / Heidi Malm Malm, Heidi 763

Suggested Readings for Chapter 9 775.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

9781133315544

1133315542

OCLC:

824353532