Stem cells : scientific facts and fiction / edited by Christine Mummery...[and more].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Mummery, C. L. (Christine L.), 1953- editor.

ScienceDirect (Online service)

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Stem cells.

Genre:

Electronic books.

Physical Description:

1 online resource

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

London, UK : Academic Press, 2014.

System Details:

Mode of access: World Wide Web.

text file

Summary:

The enthusiastic responses to the first edition of Stem Cells: Scientific Facts and Fiction reflected the overwhelming interest from public and professionals alike in Stem Cells: Scientific Facts and Fiction reflected the overwhelming interest from public and professionals alike in stem cells. A guide to this complex subject in simple language addressed a need for more understandable information for patients and their families, students reflecting on biomedical science careers, hospital and community doctors looking for answers to their patient's questions, ethicists looking to understand questions we might soon face and legislators formulating the laws that govern our medical practice. All needed to know more about stem cells. A search on the internet under "stem cell therapy" in 2010 resulted in 17 million "hits"; the same term in just a few years later 30 million. In this changing world, it is Virtually impossible to separate scientific facts and fiction unless you understand something about the basics of the subject. Stem Cells: Scientific Facts and Fiction educates those searching for answers. Lessons in biology are peppered with anecdotes and examples of stem cell applications; not only as a therapy but also as a new way of developing novel drugs. Stem cells present unprecedented opportunities for developing cures for many of chronic diseases now emerging in our aging societies. Key features: Explains in straightforward, non-specialist language the basic biology of stem cells and their applications in modern medicine and future therapy, Includes extensive coverage of adult and embryonic stem cells and IPS cells both historically and in the context of contemporary practice, Richly illustrated to assist in understanding how research is done and the current hurdles to clinical practice; images available electronically, Revised edition of British Medical Association Book award winner Book jacket.

Contents:

1 The Biology of the Cell

1.1 Organisms' Composition 2

1.2 Deoxyribonucleic Acid, Genes, and Chromosomes 4

1.3 How the Amount of Messenger Ribonucleic Acid is Regulared 11

1.4 From Messenger Ribonucleic Acid to a Functional Protein 14

1.5 From Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Proteins to a Cell with a Specific Function 15

1.6 Deoxyribonucleic Acid Differences Between Genomes 20

1.7 Diseases Due to Variations and Genome Mutations 21

1.8 Dominant or Recessive 22

1.9 Deoxyribonucleic Acid Outside the Nucleus: Bacterial Remains 22

1.10 Cell Lines and Cell Culture 27

2 Embryonic Development

2.1 Fertilization and Early Embryo Development 43

2.2 Sex Cells and Germ Cell Tumors 50

3 What Are Stem Cells?

3.1 What are the Properties of Stem Cells That Make Them Different from Other Cells? 54

3.2 Totipotency and Pluripotency, and Embryonic Stem Cells 57

3.3 Mulripotency, Unipotency, and Adult Stem Cells 62

3.4 Cell Division and Aging: The Role of Telomerase 63

3.5 The Relarionship Between Cell Division and Differentiation: Epigeiietics 63

3.6 Epigenetics in Stem Cells 66

4 Of Mice and Men: The History of Embryonic Stem Cells

4.1 How it All Began: Pluripotent Cells in Early Embryos 70

4.2 Mouse Embryonal Carcinoma Cell Lines 73

4.3 Pluripotent Cells in an Early Embryo 77

4.4 Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Lines 79

4.5 Toward Human Embryonic Stem Cells 83

4.6 On the Road to Stem Cell Therapy 90

4.7 Biased Interpretation 92

4.8 The Future: Stem Cell Transplantation as a Clinical Treatment 93

4.9 Breakthrough of the Decade in the Twenty-First Century: Induced Pluripotenr. Stem Cells 94

5 Origins and Types of Stern Cells: What's in a Name?

5.1 Pluripotent Stem Cells 102

5.2 Multipotent Stem Cells 121

6 Cloning: History and Current Applications

6.1 Before Dolly 132

6.2 Cloning Pets: Snuppy, Missy, and Copycat 148

6.3 Just Imagine What Could Be 152

6.4 Cloning Domestic Livestock 157

6.5 Cloning Challenges 158

7 Regenerative Medicine: Clinical Applications of Stem Cells

7.1 Therapeutic Cell Transplantation 169

7.2 Number of Cells Needed for Cell Transplantation 172

7.3 Why Some Diseases will be Treatable with Stem Cells in the Future and Others Not 174

7.4 The Best Stem Cells for Transplantation 189

7.5 Combining Gene Therapy with Stem Cell Transplantation 193

7.6 Where to Transplant Stem Ceils and Their Effect 196

7.7 Cell Types Available for Cell Transplantation 201

7.8 Transplantation of Stem Celts: Where We Stand 206

7.9 Risks Associated with a Stem Cell Transplantation 211

7.10 Stem Cells Rejected After Transplantation 214

7.11 Tissue Engineering 226 8. Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine

8.1 Treatment of Family Pets 237

9 Cardiomyocytes from Stem Cells: What Can We Do with Them?

9.1 The Heart and Cardiac Repair 251

9.2 From Fluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes 263

1.0 Adult Stem Cells: Generation of Self-Organizing Mini-Organs in a Dish

10.1 Adult Stem Cells in Internal Organs 280

10.2 Adult Stem Cells in the Intestine 283

10.3 Adult Stem Cells in Muscle Tissue 286

10.4 What We Have Learnt About Adult Stem Cells 288

10.5 The Future: Organoids to Repair Tissues and Organs 289

11 Stem Cell Tourism

11.1 Definition of Stem Cell Tourism 292

11.2 What's the Difference Between Trials and Treatment? 298

11.3 Perspective of the International Society for Stem Cell Research 313

12 Cancer Stem Cells: Where Do They Come From and Where Are They Going?

12.1 Cancer: Observations and Questions 316

12.2 Introduction to Stem Cells and Cancer 317

12.3 The Behavior of Cancer Cells: Not All Tumors and Not All Cells Within a Tumor Look the Same 321

12.4 Colon Adenoma: A Case in Point for the Role of an Adult Stem Cell as the Stem Celt of Origin 323

12.5 How to Become a Cancer Stem Cell: Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition 334

12.6 How Developmental Signal Transduction Pathways Become Active in Cancer Cells 335

12.7 Cancer Stem Cells as Circulating Tumor Cells 337

12.8 The Final Step; Initiation of Metastatic Growth 337

12.9 A Cancer Stem Cell: Can it Differentiate to Another Cell Type? 338

12.10 Cancer Stem Cells: Development of New Drugs to Treat Cancer 339

12.11 Conclusions and Research Challenges 341

13 Human Stem Cells for Organs-on-Chips: Clinical Trials Without Patients?

13.1 Introduction 344

13.2 Organs-on-Chips 345

13.3 Why We Need Human Organ and Disease-on-Chip Models 348

13.4 Human Organ-on-a-Chip Models for Certain Diseases 351

13.5 Human Disease Models as Organs-on-Chips: Challenges 352

13.6 Where We are Now with Organ-on-a-Chip Technology 352

13.7 Applications of Organs-on-Chips 358

13.8 Conclusion 360

14 Stem Cells for Discovery of Effective and Safe New Drugs

14.1 Drug Discovery: A Short Historical Perspective 364

14.2 Modern Drug Discovery 367

14.3 Challenges and Opportunities in Drug Discovery 369

14.4 How the Safety of New Drugs is Secured 375

Acknowledgments 377

15 Patents, Opportunities, and Challenges: Legal and Intellectual Property Issues Associated with Stem Cells

15.1 Companies and Alliances 384

15.2 Patent Issues: Current Intellectual Property Landscape 385

15.3 Europe Versus the United States 387

15.4 More Legal and Ethical Issues 393

Acknowledgments 395

Further Reading 395

16 Stem Cell Perspectives: A Vision of the Future

16.1 Combining Technologies: New Human Disease Models for Drug Discovery 402

16.2 Personalized Medicine and Safer Drugs 404

16.3 Final Note 406.

Notes:

Includes index.

Description based on print version record.

OCLC:

880964150

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.