The physics and engineering of compact quantum dot-based lasers for biophotonics / edited by Edik U. Rafailov.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Rafailov, Edik U., editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Semiconductor lasers.

Quantum dots--Optical properties.

Quantum dots.

Laser pulses, Ultrashort.

Lasers in medicine.

Physical Description:

xii, 252 pages : illustrations (some colour) ; 25 cm

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014.

Summary:

Written by a team of European experts in the field, this book addresses the physics, the principles, the engineering methods, and the latest developments of efficient and compact ultrafast lasers based on novel quantum-dot structures and devices, as well as their applications in biophotonics. The book is recommended reading for physicists, engineers, students and lecturers in the fields of photonics, optics, laser physics, optoelectronics, and biophotonics. From the contents: Quantum Dot Technologies, Ultra-Short-Pulse Quantum Dot Edge-Emitting Lasers, Quantum Dot Semiconductor Disk Lasers, Semiconductor Quantum-Dot Saturable Absorber Mirrors for Mode-Locking Solid-State Lasers, Quantum Dot Ultrafast and Continuous Wavelength Laser Diodes for Applications in Biology and Medicine Book jacket.

Contents:

1 Quantum Dot Technologies / Richard A. Hogg Hogg, Richard A., Ziyang Zhang Zhang, Ziyang 7

1.1 Motivation for Development of Quantum Dots 7

1.2 Gain and Quantum Confinement in a Semiconductor Laser 7

1.2.1 Top-Down Approach 10

1.2.2 Bottom-Up Approach 13

1.3 Self-Assembled Quantum Dot Technology 14

1.3.1 Molecular Beam Epitaxy 14

1.3.2 Growth Modes 17

1.3.3 Quantum Dot Growth Dynamics 18

1.3.3.1 The Interaction of the Quantum Dot and the Wetting Layer 18

1.3.3.2 The Interaction of the Quantum Dot with Underlying Layers and Capping Layers 19

1.3.3.3 Growth Interruption 19

1.3.3.4 Arsenic Pressure 20

1.3.3.5 Growth Temperature 20

1.3.3.6 Growth Rate and Material Coverage 21

1.3.4 Quantum Dot Growth Thermodynamic Processes 21

1.4 Physics and Device Properties of S-K Quantum Dots 23

1.4.1 Temperature Insensitivity 23

1.4.2 Low Threshold Current Density 24

1.4.3 Material Gain and Modal Gain 25

1.4.4 Broad Spectral Bandwidth Devices and Spectral Coverage 25

1.4.5 Ultrafast Gain Recovery 29

1.5 Extension of Emission Wavelength of GaAs-Based Quantum Dots 31

1.5.1 Short-Wavelength Quantum Dot Light Emission 31

1.5.1.1 InP/GaInP Quantum Dots 31

1.5.1.2 Type II InAlAs/AlGaAs Quantum Dots 33

1.5.2 Long-Wavelength QD Light Emission 33

1.5.2.1 Low Growth Temperature InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots 34

1.5.2.2 InAs QDs Grown on an InGaAs Metamorphic layer 34

1.5.2.3 InGaAsSb Capped InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots and InGaNAs Capped InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots 34

1.5.2.4 Bilayer InAs/GaAs QD Structures 34

1.5.2.5 Asymmetric Dot in WELL QD Structure 34

1.6 Future Prospects 36

Acknowledgments 37

References 37

2 Ultra-Short-Pulse QD Edge-Emitting Lasers / Stefan Breuer Breuer, Stefan, Dimitris Syvridis Syvridis, Dimitris, Edik U. Rafaliov Rafaliov, Edik U. 43

2.1 Introduction 43

2.2 Simulations 45

2.3 Broadly Tunable Frequency-Doubled EC-QD Lasers 48

2.4 Two-Section Monolithic Mode-Locked QD Lasers 52

2.4.1 Simultaneous GS and ES ML 53

2.4.2 QD Absorber Resistor-SEED Functionality 57

2.4.3 Pulse Width Narrowing due to GS Splitting 59

2.5 Tapered Monolithic Mode-Locked QD Lasers 61

2.5.1 High-Peak Power and Subpicosecond Pulse Generation 62

2.5.2 Suppression of Pulse Train Instabilities of Tapered QD-MLLs 69

2.6 QD-SOAs 71

2.6.1 Straight-Waveguide QD-SOAs 71

2.6.2 Tapered-Waveguide QD-SOAs 72

2.6.3 QD-SOA Noise 75

2.7 Pulsed EC-QD Lasers with Tapered QD-SOA 77

2.7.1 EC-MLQDL 77

2.7.2 EC-MLQDL with Postamplification by Tapered QD-SOA 80

2.7.3 Wavelength-Tunable EC-MLQDL with Tapered QD-SOA 84

2.8 Conclusion 87

Acknowledgments 88

References 89

3 Quantum Dot Semiconductor Disk Lasers / Jussi Rautiainen Rautiainen, Jussi, Manias Butkus Butkus, Manias, Oleg Okhotnikov Okhotnikov, Oleg 95

3.1 Introduction 95

3.2 General Concept of Semiconductor Disk Lasers 96

3.3 Toward Operation at the 1-1.3 μm Spectral Range 98

3.4 Quantum Dots Growth and Characterization 98

3.5 Quantum Dots for Laser Application: From Edge Emitters to Disk Users 99

3.6 Details of the Quantum Dot Gain Media for Disk Cavity 99

3.6.1 1040 nm Disk Gain Design 101

3.6.2 1180 nm Disk Gain Structure 101

3.6.3 1260 nm Disk Gain Structure 101

3.6.4 Gain Medium Characterization at the Wafer Level 103

3.7 Disk Laser Performance 107

3.7.1 Gain Chip Assembly and Thermal Management 107

3.7.2 1040 nm InGaAs Dot Disk Laser 107

3.7.3 1180 nm Disk Laser 208

3.7.4 1260 nm Quantum Dot Disk Laser 109

3.8 Tunable Quantum Dot Semiconductor Disk Laser 111

3.9 Second Harmonic Generation with Quantum Dot Disk Laser Cavity 111

3.9.1 Experimental Results 113

3.10 Disk Laser with Flip-Chip Design of the Gain Medium 114

3.10.1 Gain Structure Description 115

3.10.2 Experimental Results 115

3.11 Conclusions 116

Acknowledgments 116

References 116

4 Semiconductor Quantum-Dot Saturable Absorber Mirrors for Mode-Locking Solid-State Lasers / Vaidas Pasiskevicius Pasiskevicius, Vaidas, Niels Meiser Meiser, Niels, Mantas Butkus Butkus, Mantas, Bojan Raan Raan, Bojan, Kurt J. Weingarten Weingarten, Kurt J., Richard A. Hogg Hogg, Richard A., Ziyang Zhang Zhang, Ziyang 222

4.1 Scope of the Chapter 121

4.2 Introduction 222

4.3 Quantum-Well Saturable Absorbers: Overview 123

4.4 Quantum-Dot Saturable Absorbers: Basic Principles and Fabrication Technologies 226

4.5 Quantum-Dot Saturable Absorbers for Mode-Locking of Solid-State lasers at 1 μm 132

4.5.1 QD-SAM Design and Characterization 132

4.5.2 QD-SAM Mode-Locked Yb:KYW Users 140

4.6 p-i-n Junction QD SESAMs and Their Applications 143

4.6.1 Grforsterite Laser Mode-Locked Using p-i-n QD SESAM 145

4.6.2 Nonlinear Reflectivity and Absorption Recovery Dynamics in p-i-n QD-SAM 147

4.7 InAs/CaAs QD-SAM for 10 GHz Repetition Rate Mode-Locked User at 1.55 μm 152

4.8 InP Quantum Dot Saturable Absorbers for Mode-Locking High-Repetition Rate Ti:sapphire Lasers 157

4.9 Conclusions 160

Acknowledgments 160

References 160

5 QD Ultrafast and Continuous Wavelength Laser Diodes for Applications in Biology and Medicine / Pablo Loza-Alvarez Loza-Alvarez, Pablo, Rodrigo Avilés-Espinosa Avilés-Espinosa, Rodrigo, Steve J. Matcher Matcher, Steve J., D. Childs Childs, D., Sergei G. Sokolovski Sokolovski, Sergei G. 171

5.1 Compact Laser Systems for Nonlinear Imaging Applications 171

5.1.1 Introduction 171

5.1.1.1 The Multimodal Microscope 174

5.1.2 Microscopy Workstation Preparation for Infrared Wavelengths 176

5.1.2.1 Long-Term Exposure Effects on Living Samples at 1550 nm 178

5.1.3 Quantum-Dot-Based Optically Pumped Vertical Extended Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers for Nonlinear Imaging 181

5.1.3.1 The Compact Femtosecond Semiconductor Disk Laser System 181

5.1.3.2 Nonlinear Imaging Tests 182

5.1.4 Future Prospects: Edge-Emitting Laser Prototypes for Nonlinear Imaging 188

5.1.4.1 Ultra-Short Pulsed Semiconductor Edge-Emitting Lasers 188

5.1.5 Conclusions 194

5.2 QD Devices and Their Application in Optical Coherence Tomography 196

5.2.1 Overview of Optical Coherence Tomography 196

5.2.2 SLD Devices 199

5.2.3 Broadband Gain Material 202

5.2.3.1 Use of QDs SLDs for Time-Domain OCT 204

5.2.4 Swept Lasers 206

5.2.5 The QD Swept Source Laser for OCT 209

5.2.6 Summary and Future Outlook 212

5.3 Infrared QD Laser Application in Cancer Photodynamic Therapy: Killing Tumor Cells without Photosensitizers 212

5.3.1 Introduction 213

5.3.2 Singlet Oxygen in Organic Solution 214

5.3.3 Laser-Induced ¹O₂ Production in Living Cells 216

5.3.4 Cytosolic Free Calcium Level and Ion Channel Activity under Laser Pulse 218

5.3.5 Laser-Triggered Cancer Cell Death 220

5.3.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 221

Acknowledgments 222

References 222

6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives / Edik U. Rafailov Rafailov, Edik U. 231.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9783527411849

3527411844

OCLC:

871516099