Solid state physics / Giuseppe Grosso, Department of Physics, University of Pisa and NEST, Institute of Nanoscience-CNR, Pisa, Italy, Giuseppe Pastori Parravicini, Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Italy.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Grosso, Giuseppe, author.

Pastori Parravicini, Giuseppe, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Solid state physics.

Physical Description:

xiv, 857 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Kidlington, Oxford, UK : Academic Press, 2014.

Summary:

Solid State Physics explains the theoretical foundations, the applicative aspects and the newest advances of this continuously expanding area of research, with rigorous, but lucid mathematics in a simple, tutorial, and self-contained style. This second edition of Solid State Physics provides timely coverage of the foremost scientic breakthroughs of the last decade, with increased attention to low-dimensional systems. Solid State Physics will help build readers understanding of recent developments, with the emergence of novel materials and areas of investigation. Numerous examples, detailed Appendices, solved problems and complements, are an integral part of the text, and they are carefully designed to apply fundamental principles illustrated in the text to currently active topics of research. Perfect for anyone working or studying in the field of structure of matter and solid state, this book will be a welcome addition and resource for graduate students, post-graduate students, and industry experts. Solid State Physics, 2nd edition, Features additional material on low-dimensional systems, including the basic descriptive facts of carbon allotropes, surface plasmons, layered structures and two-dimensional magnetism. Additional material in the classical and quantum Hall effects, integer and fractional, offers further aspects on magnetotransport, with due attention on dissipative and non dissipative carrier flow. Gives a broad overview of the band structure of solids, presenting the foundations of the electronic structure of traditional materials, that have signed the history of solid state, as well as of novel materials, that are enriching its future. Book jacket.

Contents:

1 Electrons in One-Dimensional Periodic Potentials 1

1.1 The Bloch Theorem for One-Dimensional Periodicity 2

1.2 Energy Levels of a Single Quantum Well and of a Periodic Array of Quantum Wells 5

1.3 Transfer Matrix, Resonant Tunneling, and Energy Bands 12

1.4 The Tight-Binding Model 25

1.5 Plane Waves and Nearly Free-Electron Model 34

1.6 Some Dynamical Aspects of Electrons in Band Theory 38

Appendix A Solved Problems and Complements 49

Further Reading 64

2 Geometrical Description of Crystals: Direct and Reciprocal Lattices 67

2.1 Simple Lattices and Composite Lattices 67

2.2 Geometrical Description of Some Crystal Structures 72

2.3 Wigner-Seitz Primitive Cells 83

2.4 Reciprocal Lattices 84

2.5 Brillouin Zones 88

2.6 Translational Symmetry and Quantum Mechanical Aspects 91

2.7 Density-of-States and Critical Points 99

Further Reading 104

3 The Sommerfeld Free-Electron Theory of Metals 107

3.1 Quantum Theory of the Free-Electron Gas 107

3.2 Fermi-Dirac Distribution Function and Chemical Potential 112

3.3 Electronic Specific Heat in Metals and Thermodynamic Functions 116

3.4 Thermionic Emission from Metals 118

Appendix A Outline of Statistical Physics and Thermodynamic Relations 120

Appendix B Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein Statistics for Independent Particles 125

Appendix C Modified Fermi-Dirac Statistics in a Model of Correlation Effects 131

Further Reading 133

4 The One-Electron Approximation and Beyond 135

4.1 Introductory Remarks on the Many-Electron Problem 136

4.2 The Hartree Equations 137

4.3 Identical Particles and Determinantal Wavefunctions 139

4.4 Matrix Elements Between Determinantal States 140

4.5 The Hartree-Fock Equations 144

4.6 Overview of Approaches Beyond the One-Electron Approximation 154

4.7 Electronic Properties and Phase Diagram of the Homogeneous Electron Gas 155

4.8 The Density Functional Theory and the Kohn-Sham Equations 163

Appendix A Bielectronic Integrals Among Spin Orbitals 171

Appendix B Outline of Second Quantization Formalism for Identical Fermions 172

Appendix C An Integral on the Fermi Sphere 175

Further Reading 476

5 Band Theory of Crystals 179

5.1 Basic Assumptions of the Band Theory 180

5.2 The Tight-Binding Method (LCAO Method) 182

5.3 The Orthogonalized Plane Wave (OPW) Method 189

5.4 The Pseudopotential Method 197

5.5 The Cellular Method 204

5.6 The Augmented Plane Wave (APW) Method 207

5.7 The Green's Function Method (KKR Method) 211

5.8 Iterative Methods in Electronic Structure Calculations 217

Appendix A Matrix Elements of the Augmented Plane Wave Method 228

Appendix B Solved Problems and Complements 232

Appendix C Evaluation of the Structure Coefficients of the KKR Method with the Ewald Procedure 235

Further Reading 240

6 Electronic Properties of Selected Crystals 243

6.1 Band Structure and Cohesive Energy of Rare-Gas Solids 244

6.2 Electronic Properties of Ionic Crystals 251

6.3 Covalent Crystals with Diamond Structure 263

6.4 Band Structures and Fermi Surfaces of Some Metals 266

6.5 Carbon-Based Materials and Electronic Structure of Graphene 272

Appendix A Solved Problems and Complements 277

Further Reading 284

7 Excitons, Plasmons, and Dielectric Screening in Crystals 287

7.1 Exciton States in Crystals 288

7.2 Plasmon Excitations in Crystals 296

7.3 Static Dielectric Screening in Metals within the Thomas-Fermi Model 298

7.4 The Longitudinal Dielectric Function within the Linear Response Theory 301

7.5 Dielectric Screening within the Lindhard Model 304

7.6 Quantum Expression of the Longitudinal Dielectric Function in Crystals 312

7.7 Surface Plasmons and Surface Polaritons 314

Appendix A Friedel Sum Rule and Fumi Theorem 318

Appendix B Quantum Expression of the Longitudinal Dielectric Function in Materials with the Linear Response Theory 320

Appendix C Lindhard Dielectric Function for the Free-Electron Gas 325

Appendix D Quantum Expression of the Transverse Dielectric Function in Materials with the Linear Response Theory 328

Further Reading 331

8 Interacting Electronic-Nuclear Systems and the Adiabatic Principle 333

8.1 Interacting Electronic-Nuclear Systems and Adiabatic Potential-Energy Surfaces 334

8.2 Non-Degenerate Adiabatic Surface and Nuclear Dynamics 337

8.3 Degenerate Adiabatic Surfaces and Jahn-Teller Systems 342

8.4 The Hellmann-Feynman Theorem and Electronic-Nuclear Systems 356

8.5 Parametric Hamiltonians and Berry Phase 359

8.6 The Berry Phase Theory of the Macroscopic Electric Polarization in Crystals 364

Appendix A Simplified Evaluation of Typical Jahn-Teller and Renner-Teller Matrices 371

Appendix B Solved Problems and Complements 377

Further Reading 389

9 Lattice Dynamics of Crystals 391

9.1 Dynamics of Monoatomic One-Dimensional Lattices 391

9.2 Dynamics of Diatomic One-Dimensional Lattices 396

9.3 Dynamics of General Three-Dimensional Crystals 400

9.4 Quantum Theory of the Harmonic Crystal 407

9.5 Lattice Heat Capacity. Einstein and Debye Models 410

9.6 Considerations on Anharmonic Effects and Melting of Solids 412

9.7 Optical Phonons and Polaritons in Polar Crystals 415

Appendix A Quantum Theory of the Linear Harmonic Oscillator 430

Further Reading 436

10 Scattering of Particles by Crystals 437

10.1 General Considerations 437

10.2 Elastic Scattering of X-rays from Crystals and the Thomson Approximation 440

10.3 Compton Scattering and Electron Momentum Density 455

10.4 Inelastic Scattering of Particles and Phonons Spectra of Crystals 459

10.5 Quantum Theory of Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of Neutrons 463

10.6 Dynamical Structure Factor for Harmonic Displacements and Debye-Waller Factor 467

10.7 Mössbauer Effect 474

Appendix A Solved Problems and Complements 476

Further Reading 481

11 Optical and Transport Properties of Metals 483

11.1 Macroscopic Theory of Optical Constants in Homogeneous Materials 484

11.2 The Drude Theory of the Optical Properties of Free Carriers 490

11.3 Transport Properties and Boltzmann Equation 499

11.4 Static and Dynamic Conductivity in Metals 502

11.5 Boltzmann Treatment and Quantum Treatment of Intraband Transitions 508

11.6 The Boltzmann Equation in Electric Fields and Temperature Gradients 509

Appendix A Solved Problems and Complements 523

Further Reading 527

12 Optical Properties of Semiconductors and Insulators 529

12.1 Transverse Dielectric Function and Optical Constants in Homogeneous Media 530

12.2 Quantum Theory of Band-to-Band Optical Transitions and Critical Points 534

12.3 Indirect Phonon-Assisted Transitions 539

12.4 Two-Photon Absorption 544

12.5 Exciton Effects on the Optical Properties 547

12.6 Fano Resonances and Absorption Lineshapes 553

12.7 Optical Properties of Vibronic Systems 559

Appendix A Transitions Rates at First and Higher Orders of Perturbation Theory 569

Appendix B Optical Constants, Green's Function and Kubo-Greenwood Relation 574

Further Reading 575

13 Transport in Intrinsic and Homogeneously Doped Semiconductors 577

13.1 Fermi Level and Carrier Density in Intrinsic Semiconductors 577

13.2 Impurity Levels in Semiconductors 582

13.3 Fermi Level and Carrier Density in Doped Semiconductors 590

13.4 Non-Equilibrium Carrier Distributions 594

13.5 Generation and Recombination of Electron-Hole Pairs in Doped Semiconductors 599

Appendix A Solutions of Typical Transport Equations in Uniformly Doped Semiconductors 601

Further Reading 608

14 Transport in Inhomogeneous Semiconductors 609

14.1 Properties of the p-n Junction at Equilibrium 609

14.2 Current-Voltage Characteristics of the p-n Junction 615

14.3 The Bipolar Junction Transistor 621

14.4 Semiconductor Heterojunctions 624

14.5 Metal-Semiconductor Contacts 627

14.6 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Structure 632

14.7 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect

Transistor (MOSFET) 637

Further Reading 640

15 Electron Gas in Magnetic Fields 643

15.1 Magnetization and Magnetic Susceptibility 644

15.2 Energy Levels and Density-of-States of a Free Electron Gas in Magnetic Fields 646

15.3 Landau Diamagnetism and de Haas-van Alphen Effect 655

15.4 Spin Paramagnetism of a Free-Electron Gas 661

15.5 Magnetoresistivity and Classical Hall Effect 662

15.6 Quantum Hall Effects 668

Appendix A Solved Problems and Complements 686

Further Reading 694

16 Magnetic Properties of Localized Systems and Kondo Impurities 697

16.1 Quantum Mechanical Treatment of Magnetic Susceptibility 698

16.2 Permanent Magnetic Dipoles in Atoms or Ions with Partially Filled Shells 701

16.3 Paramagnetism of Localized Magnetic Moments 704

16.4 Localized Magnetic States in Normal Metals 709

16.5 Dilute Magnetic Alloys and the Resistance Minimum Phenomenon 714

16.6 Magnetic Impurity in Normal Metals at Very Low Temperatures 724

Further Reading 729

17 Magnetic Ordering in Crystals 731

17.1 Ferromagnetism and the Weiss Molecular Field 732

17.2 Microscopic Origin of the Coupling Between Localized Magnetic Moments 741

17.3 Antiferromagnetism in the Mean Field Approximation 748

17.4 Spin Waves and Magnons in Ferromagnetic Crystals 750

17.5 The Ising Model with the Transfer Matrix Method 756

17.6 The Ising Model with the Renormalization Group Theory 761

17.7 Itinerant Magnetism 769

Appendix A Solved Problems and Complements 775

Further Reading 787

18 Superconductivity 789

18.1 Some Phenomenological Aspects of Superconductors 790

18.2 The Cooper Pair Idea 799

18.3 Ground State for a Superconductor in the BCS Theory at Zero Temperature 805

18.4 Excited States of Superconductors at Zero Temperature 813

18.5 Treatment of Superconductors at Finite Temperature and Heat Capacity 820

18.6 The Phenomenological London Model for Superconductors 824

18.7 Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena 828

18.8 Tunneling Effects 837

Appendix A The Phonon-Induced Electron-Electron Interaction 845.

Notes:

Previous edition: London : Academic, 2000.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0123850304

9780123850300

OCLC:

867617844

Publisher Number:

99958838803