Stem cells and progenitors in liver development / Marcus O. Muench.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Muench, Marcus Oliver.

Series:

Colloquium digital library of life sciences

Colloquium series on stem cell biology ; 2168-3980 # 3.

Colloquium series on stem cell biology, 2168-3980 ; # 3

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Liver--Differentiation.

Liver.

Embryonic stem cells.

Embryonic Stem Cells.

Medical Subjects:

Liver.

Embryonic Stem Cells.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (ix, 115 pages) : illustrations.

Place of Publication:

San Rafael, Calif. (1537 Fourth Street, San Rafael, CA 94901 USA) : Morgan & Claypool, [2013]

System Details:

Mode of access: World Wide Web.

text file

Summary:

The human liver is a dynamic organ throughout life, but no more so than during prenatal development. The liver performs many essential functions associated with metabolism, immunity and blood production. These diverse functions are performed by a variety of cell types that have the capacity for growth, allowing the liver to regenerate cells lost due to aging, infection or injury. Various stem cell populations are at the core of the liver's potential for regeneration, which are most active during embryonic and fetal development, when the liver undergoes rapid growth. Consequently, the prenatal liver represents a unique opportunity to study the precursor cells that give rise to all liver cells at their time of greatest activity. Herein, we focus on the early development of the human liver from the perspective of the stem cells and their many lines of progeny that generate the hepatic, endothelial, mesenchymal and hematopoietic cells that comprise the fetal liver. Understanding the developmental relationships, growth control and cellular interactions among these cells is crucial to our understanding of liver development and function during prenatal life. This knowledge also provides insight into the development of cellular therapies, transplantation and the treatment of cancers.

Contents:

1. Introduction

1.1 Diversity of cell types in the fetal liver

1.2 Rapid growth of the prenatal liver

1.3 Definitions of stem cells, progenitors and precursors

2. Development of the liver

2.1 Development of the germ layers

2.2 Liver organogenesis

2.3 Hematopoietic seeding of the embryonic liver

3. Structure of the liver

3.1 Gross anatomy of the fetal liver

3.2 Liver lobules

4. Cell isolation methods

4.1 Enzymatic methods of liver cell isolation

4.2 Mechanical methods of liver cell isolation

4.3 Erythrocyte depletion methods

5. Precursors of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes

5.1 Stem cells and other primitive precursors of hepatocytic cells

5.1.1 Common markers of fetal hepatocytes and cholangiocytes

5.1.2 Human fetal liver multipotent progenitor cells (hFLMPCs)

5.1.3 Mesenchymal-epithelial transition

5.1.4 CD326, epithelial cell adhesion molecule

5.1.5 Hepatic stem cells (HpSCs)

5.1.6 Hepatic progenitor cells

5.2 Hepatoblasts

5.2.1 CD326 on hepatoblasts

5.2.2 CD14 on hepatoblasts

5.2.3 Cytokeratin expression by hepatoblasts

5.2.4 Phenotype of hepatoblasts

5.3 Cytokine control of the growth and differentiation of hepatocytic precursors

5.3.1 Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs)

5.3.2 Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4

5.3.3 Epidermal growth factor (EGF)

5.3.4 Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)

5.3.5 Oncostatin M (OSM)

6. Endothelial cells

6.1 Diverse populations of endothelial cells in the liver

6.2 Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs)

6.3 Phenotype of LSECs

6.4 Cytokine control of LSEC growth and differentiation

7. Mesenchymal cells

7.1 Phenotype of mesenchymal cells

7.2 Multipotentiality of mesenchymal cells

7.3 Differences between fetal and adult mesenchymal cells

8. Stellate cells

8.1 Development and function of hepatic stellate cells

8.2 Identification of stellate cells and their immediate precursors in the human fetal liver

9. Hematopoietic cells

9.1 Assays of hematopoietic precursors

9.1.1 Colony-forming unit-culture (CFU-C) assays

9.1.2 Liquid culture assays

9.1.3 Long-term cultures

9.1.4 Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-repopulating cells

9.2 Hematopoietic stem cells

9.2.1 The CD34 antigen

9.2.2 The phenotype of hematopoietic stem cells

9.2.3 Growth regulation of fetal hematopoietic stem cells

9.2.4 Cytokine receptor expression in ontogeny

9.2.5 Growth inhibition of fetal hematopoietic stem cells

9.2.6 Regulation of fetal liver hematopoiesis by the liver microenvironment

9.2.7 Intrinsic and stochastic growth regulation of hematopoietic stem cells

9.3 Erythroid progenitors

9.3.1 Ontogenic changes in gene expression

9.3.2 Erythroid CFU-C assays and EPO

9.3.3 Cell surface markers used in the identification of erythroid progenitors

9.3.4 Growth factors that support erythropoiesis

9.3.5 Ontogenic differences in stem cell lineage commitment

9.3.6 Negative regulators of erythropoiesis

9.4 Myeloid progenitors

9.4.1 Common myeloid progenitors

9.4.2 Late-stage myeloid progenitors

9.4.3 Monocytes and macrophages

9.4.4 Myeloid dendritic cells

9.4.5 Granulocytes

9.4.6 Megakaryocytes

9.5 Lymphoid progenitors

9.5.1 Common lymphoid progenitors

9.5.2 NK-cells

9.5.3 B-cells

9.5.4 T-cells

10. Transplantation of fetal liver cells

10.1 Fetal hepatocyte transplantation

10.2 Fetal hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

10.3 Fetal mesenchymal cell transplantation

Acknowledgments

References

Author biography.

Notes:

Part of: Colloquium digital library of life sciences.

Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on January 18, 2013).

Series from website.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 89-114).

Other Format:

Print version:

ISBN:

9781615044894

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.