Airway epithelium / Jonathan Widdicombe.

Format:

• Book

Author/Creator:

• Widdicombe, J. H.

Series:

• Colloquium digital library of life sciences
• Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology ; 2154-5626 # 36.
• Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology, 2154-5626 ; # 36

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

• Respiratory mucosa.
• Epithelium.
• Airway (Medicine).
• Respiratory organs--Diseases.
• Respiratory Mucosa.
• Respiratory Tract Diseases.

Medical Subjects:

• Respiratory Mucosa.
• Epithelium.
• Respiratory Tract Diseases.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (viii, 175 pages) : illustrations.

Place of Publication:

San Rafael, Calif. (1537 Fourth Street, San Rafael, CA 94901 USA) : Morgan & Claypool, [2013]

System Details:

• Mode of access: World Wide Web.
• text file

Summary:

The airways are lined with a film of fluid 10 um deep that acts as the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens, dirt, and noxious vapors. Transepithelial fluid movements driven by active transepithelial ion transport serve to regulate the depth of this "airway surface liquid". In the larger airways, a mucus gel derived from both glands and surface epithelium entraps inhaled particles, which are then removed by the coordinated beating of cilia. Both glands and epithelium secrete a wide variety of antimicrobial and other protective substances in addition to mucins. Substances released across the basolateral surface of the epithelium attract leukocytes and influence neighboring tissues. Here, after reviewing the basic structure of mammalian airway epithelium, I discuss its various defensive functions and how they are altered in airway disease.

Contents:

• 1. Overview
• 2. Surface epithelium
• 2.1 Overall morphology
• 2.2 Cell types
• 2.2.1 Basal and intermediate cells
• 2.2.2 Ciliated cells
• 2.2.3 Goblet cells
• 2.2.4 Clara cells
• 2.2.5 Serous cells
• 2.2.6 Other cell types
• 2.3 Development, maintenance, regeneration and transformation
• 2.4 Barrier function
• 2.5 Mucus secretion
• 2.6 Mediator release and breakdown
• 2.7 Transport of acid and base
• 2.8 Active ion transport
• 2.8.1 General
• 2.8.2 Using chambers
• 2.8.3 Mechanisms of active Cl- secretion and active Na+ absorption
• 2.8.4 Under open-circuit conditions active secretion of Cl- is reduced or abolished
• 2.8.5 Coordination of transporter activities
• 2.8.6 Apical membrane Cl- conductance
• 2.8.7 Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC)
• 2.8.8 Basolateral K+ channels
• 2.8.9 Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransport (NKCC)
• 2.8.10 Na+-K+-ATPase
• 2.8.11 Basolateral Cl- channels
• 2.8.12 Neurohumoral regulation
• 2.8.13 Regulation by intracellular second messengers
• 2.8.14 K+ secretion
• 2.8.15 SCN- transport
• 2.8.16 Ca2+ transport
• 2.8.17 Na+-glucose transport
• 2.9 Water transport
• 2.10 Regulation of ASL depth and salt content
• 2.11 Mucociliary clearance
• 3. Airway glands
• 4. Pathology
• 4.1 Some general considerations
• 4.2 Chronic bronchitis
• 4.3 Asthma
• 4.4 Cystic fibrosis
• 4.4.1 Gross pathology
• 4.4.2 Overview of CF-related defects
• 4.4.3 Reduced bicarbonate secretion
• 4.4.4 Altered gland fluid secretion
• 4.4.5 Airway surface epithelial ion transport and failure of mucociliary clearance in CF
• 4.4.6 The high salt hypothesis
• 4.4.7 Transport of other solutes through CFTR
• 4.4.8 Defective organellar acidification
• 4.4.9 Interactions of CFTR with ion channels/transporters other than ENaC
• 4.4.10 Increased activation of NFk-B and release of inflammatory cytokines
• 4.4.11 Altered interactions with pseudomonas
• 4.4.12 Some developmental defects
• 4.4.13 Other changes in CF
• 4.4.14 Concluding remarks on airway epithelium in CF
• References
• Author biography.

Notes:

• Part of: Colloquium digital library of life sciences.
• Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on December 11, 2012).
• Series from website.
• Includes bibliographical references (pages 113-173).

Other Format:

Print version:

ISBN:

9781615043750

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.