Maternal control of development in vertebrates : my mother made me do it! / Florence L. Marlow.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Marlow, Florence Louise, author.

Series:

Colloquium digital library of life sciences

Colloquium series on developmental biology 2155-353X ; # 5.

Developmental biology, 2155-353X ; # 5

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Oogenesis.

Ovum.

Developmental genetics.

Medical Subjects:

Oogenesis.

Ovum.

Physical Description:

1 electronic text (x, 186 pages) : illustrations.

Place of Publication:

San Rafael, Calif. (1537 Fourth Street, San Rafael, CA 94901 USA) : Morgan and Claypool, [2010]

System Details:

Mode of access: World Wide Web.

text file

Summary:

Eggs of all animals contain mRNAs and proteins that are supplied to or deposited in the egg as it develops during oogenesis. These maternal gene products regulate all aspects of oocyte development, and an embryo fully relies on these maternal gene products for all aspects of its early development, including fertilization, transitions between meiotic and mitotic cell cycles, and activation of its own genome. Given the diverse processes required to produce a developmentally competent egg and embryo, it is not surprising that maternal gene products are not only essential for normal embryonic development but also for fertility. This review provides an overview of fundamental aspects of oocyte and early embryonic development and the interference and genetic approaches that have provided access to maternally regulated aspects of vertebrate development. Some of the pathways and molecules highlighted in this review, in particular, Bmps, Wnts, small GTPases, cytoskeletal components, and cell cycle regulators, are well known and are essential regulators of multiple aspects of animal development, including oogenesis, early embryogenesis, organogenesis, and reproductive fitness of the adult animal. Specific examples of developmental processes under maternal control and the essential proteins will be explored in each chapter, and where known conserved aspects or divergent roles for these maternal regulators of early vertebrate development will be discussed throughout this review.

Contents:

[1]. Introduction

Maternal-effect genes

Investigating maternal function

Targeting maternal-effect genes

Genetics/mutagenesis

Germline replacement: bypassing essential zygotic functions

Morpholinos and oligo RNaseH

RNAi

[2]. Oogenesis: from germline stem cells to germline cysts

[3]. Oocyte polarity and the embryonic axes: the Balbiani body, an ancient oocyte asymmetry

Molecular control of Balbiani body development

Milton: Kinesin adaptors and mitochondrial allocation

Bucky ball: a novel regulator of oocyte asymmetry

MACF1/ Magellan: a role for microtubule: actin cross-linkers in Balbiani body dynamics

[4]. Preparing developmentally competent eggs

Nuclear maturation: chromatin modification

Maturation cues: to resume or not to resume meiosis

Polarity proteins regulate the cytoskeleton and meiosis

Heat shock factor 1: promoting nuclear maturation and developmental competence

Piwis: silencing to prevent aneuploidy

mlh1/ mps1: mismatch repair and meiosis

Cytoplasmic maturation: clearing the yolk in fish

[5]. Egg activation

Zebrafish egg activation mutants

[6]. Blocking polyspermy

Roles for polarized somatic follicle cell types

UCHL1: a role for deubiquitination in blocking polyspermy

Basonuclin: a zinc finger protein involved in developmental competence and limiting sperm entry

[7]. Cleavage/ mitosis: going multicellular

Genetic uncoupling of karyokinesis and cytokinesis in zebrafish

Contributions of the cytoskeleton to cytokinesis and karyokinesis

Cellular atoll, Sas6: centrosome duplication and karyokinesis in zebrafish

Pms2: a role for mismatch repair in preventing aneuploidy

Geminin: limiting replication with licensing components

Microtubules and motors: regulating the spindle and polar body

Tcl1: contribution of a cell survival factor to embryonic cleavages

[8]. Maternal-zygotic transition

Providing amino acids via autophagy

MiRNAs: silencing maternal messages

Zfp36l2: zinc finger-mediated clearance of maternal messages

A clock mechanism regulates EGA in the mouse

Promoting EGA/ZGA by titration of maternal factors or nucleocytoplasmic ratio in Xenopus and zebrafish

[9]. Reprogramming: epigenetic modifications and zygotic genome activation

DNMTs: differential methylation and gene expression

Zfp57: establishing maternal marks and maintaining marks of parental origin

Dppa3/STELLA/Pgc7: preserving maternal marks

Modifying histone and switching from maternal to zygotic histones

SLBP: producing enough histone

Npm2: regulating nuclear morphology and unmasking mrnas

HR6A: a role for DNA repair in development beyond the ZGA

SWI/SNF/TIFa: chromatin remodeling to activate zygotic gene expression

Roles for zinc finger proteins in promoting gene expression

[10]. Dorsal-ventral axis formation before zygotic genome activation in zebrafish and frogs

The animal-vegetal oocyte axis: positioning and translocation of dorsal determinants

Maternal Wnts and the dorsal-ventral embryonic axis-signaling

Ichabod/[beta]-catenin transcriptional complex

Wnt ligands

Receptors and co-receptors of maternal Wnts

Cytoplasmic factors regulating maternal [beta]-catenin

Intracellular transducers of Wnt signals

Maternal Wnts and the dorsal embryonic axis-translocation machinery

Hecate: a zebrafish maternal-effect gene required for nuclear accumulation of [beta]-catenin

Tokkaebe/syntabulin: a role in dorsal determinant position and release

Kinesin: moving toward vegetal

Proper egg activation is required for dorsal determinant localization

[11]. Maternal TGF-[beta] and the dorsal-ventral embryonic axis

TGF[beta]/BMP/nodal: the ligands and cofactors

XPace4: processing and activating maternal TGF[beta]

The transcription factors

Activators of ventral fate: a role for pluripotency factors in promoting zygotic expression of transcription factors that regulate ventral fates

Ligands and transducers of ventral fate

[12]. Maternal control after zygotic genome activation

Inside versus outside: patterning the mouse blastocyst

Cdx2: a maternal contribution to lineage specification in the mouse

Adhesion in epithelia, gastrulation, and tissue morphogenesis

G-protein-coupled receptors

Cadherin: roles in cohesion and morphogenesis

Essential regulators of epiboly in zebrafish

Epidermis differentiation: essential roles in epiboly

Regulating epiboly in the deep cells

CREB: a role for transcription factors during gastrulation

Maternal planar cell polarity signaling in gastrulation and left-right patterning

Maternal cilia contribute to zygote signaling

Scribble: regulating migration of gastrula cells and brachiomotor neurons

Late or persisting maternal function beyond gastrulation

[13]. Compensation by stable maternal proteins

Roles for maternal replication complex and DNA repair components

Maternal contributions to segmentation and somite development

ALDH2: maternal roles for retinoic acid in endoderm development

Gart and Paics: purine synthesis and pigmentation

[14]. Maternal contributions to germline establishment or maintenance

Perspective

Acknowledgments

References.

Notes:

Part of: Colloquium digital library of life sciences.

Series from website.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 157-186).

ISBN:

9781615040520

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.