Desalination engineering : operation and maintenance / Nikolay Voutchkov.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Voutchkov, Nikolay, author.

Contributor:

Water Environment Federation, issuing body.

WateReuse Association, issuing body.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Saline water conversion plants--Maintenance and repair.

Saline water conversion plants.

Saline water conversion.

Physical Description:

xxiv, 307 pages ; 25 cm

Place of Publication:

New York : McGraw-Hill Education, [2014]

Summary:

"A comprehensive, one-volume engineering reference from the Water Environment Federation and WateReuse Association on desalination plant operation and maintenance..Desalination Engineering: Operation and Maintenance provides a comprehensive one-volume reference on desalination for municipal water supply professionals. This authoritative guide covers key aspects of desalination plant operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting. The focus is on reverse osmosis membrane desalination, which at present is the most widely used technology for production of fresh drinking water from highly saline water sources. This Water Environment Federation and WateReuse Association guide covers state-of-the art operation, maintenance, and monitoring practices associated with each of the key desalination plant facilities--intakes, pretreatment technologies, reverse osmosis equipment, energy recovery, membrane systems, post-treatment processes, and solids handling.... Covers theoretical principles of desalination and their practical application.. Presents a step-by-step approach for operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of desalination plant treatment components.. Discusses pre-treatment and reverse osmosis.. Each chapter contains case-study examples illustrating various technologies and their practical implementation.. Provides federal and state regulatory agencies with background on the monitoring requirements to determine and prevent potential environmental impacts associated with the discharges from desalination plants and to reduce the impact of their operations on the environment.. Uses International System of Units (SI) with US units in parenthesis where appropriate.."-- Provided by publisher.

"A comprehensive, one-volume engineering reference from the Water Environment Federation and WateReuse Association on desalination plant operation and maintenance for municipal water supply professionals"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Reverse Osmosis Fundamentals 1

1.1.1 Key Components of the Desalination Plant Treatment Process 2

1.1.2 Key Performance Parameters of RO Systems 6

1.1.3 Desalination Plant Classification and Configuration 11

1.1.4 Criteria for Well-Operating Plants 15

1.2 Source Water Quality Characterization 16

1.2.1 Minerals 16

1.2.2 Dissolved Gases 20

1.2.3 Particulate Foulants and Measurement Methods 21

1.2.4 Colloidal Foulants 25

1.2.5 Mineral Membrane-Scaling Compounds 27

1.2.6 Natural Organic Foulants 29

1.2.7 Microbiological Foulants and Membrane Biofouling 32

1.2.8 Pathogens 43

1.2.9 Oxidants 44

1.2.10 Compounds That Could Damage RO Membranes 45

1.2.11 Compounds Impacting Discharge Quality 47

References 47

2 Source Water Intakes 49

2.1 Open Intakes 49

2.1.1 Inlet Structure and Coarse Screens 49

2.1.2 Intake Water Conduit 51

2.1.3 Intake Screens 63

2.1.4 Intake Pump Station 65

2.2 Subsurface Intakes 68

2.2.1 Purpose and Function 68

2.2.2 Routine Operation 70

2.2.3 Performance Monitoring 70

2.2.4 Maintenance 73

2.2.5 Troubleshooting 75

References 76

3 Source Water Pretreatment 77

3.1 Source Water Chemical Conditioning Systems 77

3.1.1 Coagulant Feed Systems 77

3.1.2 Flocculant Feed Systems 83

3.1.3 Scale Inhibitor Feed Systems 86

3.1.4 Biocide Feed Systems 90

3.1.5 Dechlorination Feed Systems 93

3.1.6 Acid Feed Systems 94

3.1.7 Sodium Hydroxide Feed Systems 96

3.1.8 Summary of Typical Operational Problems of Source Water Conditioning and Troubleshooting 99

3.2 Dissolved Air Flotation Clarifiers 99

3.2.1 Purpose and Function 100

3.2.2 Routine Operation 101

3.2.3 Performance Monitoring 102

3.2.4 Maintenance 103

3.2.5 Troubleshooting 103

3.3 Granular Media Pretreatment Filters 105

3.3.1 Purpose and Function 109

3.3.2 Routine Operation 110

3.3.3 Performance Monitoring 110

3.3.4 Maintenance 113

3.3.5 Troubleshooting 114

3.4 Membrane Pretreatment Filters 122

3.4.1 Purpose and Function 123

3.4.2 Routine Operation 125

3.4.3 Performance Monitoring 126

3.4.4 Maintenance 128

3.4.5 Troubleshooting 129

3.5 Cartridge Filters 133

3.5.1 Purpose and Function 134

3.5.2 Routine Operation 134

3.5.3 Performance Monitoring 135

3.5.4 Troubleshooting 135

References 139

4 Reverse Osmosis System Operation 141

4.1 Reverse Osmosis Desalination System 141

4.1.1 Key RO System Components 141

4.1.2 Purpose and Function 143

4.2 Routine RO System Operation 156

4.2.1 Maintaining RO System Fresh Water Production Rate 158

4.2.2 Maintaining RO System Permeate Quality 159

4.2.3 Alternative Approaches for RO System Operation 159

4.2.4 RO System Startup 162

4.2.5 Key Routine Operational Tasks 163

4.3 Performance Monitoring 163

4.3.1 Performance Data Collection 163

4.3.2 Impacts of Source Water and Operational Parameters on RO System Performance 164

4.3.3 Performance Data Analysis and Normalization 169

4.4 RO System Maintenance 170

4.4.1 RO Membrane Hushing and Preservation 170

4.4.2 RO Membrane Cleaning 173

4.4.3 RO Membrane Rotation 178

4.4.4 RO Membrane Replacement 181

References 183

5 Reverse Osmosis System Troubleshooting 185

5.1 Overview of RO System Performance Challenges 185

5.2 RO Process Performance Challenges 185

5.2.1 Permeate Production Below Target How Rate 186

5.2.2 Inadequate Permeate Water Quality 188

5.2.3 Excessive Membrane Cleaning Frequency and Energy Use 192

5.3 Diagnostics of RO Membrane System Performance 192

5.3.1 Diagnostics of RO Membrane Integrity and Fouling Issues 193

5.3.2 Diagnostics of Membrane Fouling and Scaling Issues 196

5.3.3 Membrane Autopsy 198

5.4 Key Equipment Performance Issues and Troubleshooting Solutions 211

5.4.1 RO High-Pressure Feed Pumps 211

5.4.2 Energy Recovery Systems 213

References 218

6 Post-Treatment 219

6.1 Introduction 219

6.2 Lime/Carbon Dioxide Post-Treatment Systems 220

6.2.1 Purpose and Function 220

6.2.2 Routine Operation 222

6.2.3 Performance Monitoring 222

6.2.4 Maintenance 223

6.2.5 Troubleshooting 223

6.3 Calcite Conditioning Systems 228

6.3.1 Purpose and Function 229

6.3.2 Routine Operation 230

6.3.3 Performance Monitoring 231

6.3.4 Maintenance 231

6.3.5 Troubleshooting 231

6.4 Remineralization by Mixing of Desalinated and Source Waters 232

6.4.1 Purpose and Function 232

6.4.2 Routine Operation 232

6.4.3 Performance Monitoring 233

6.4.4 Maintenance 234

6.4.5 Troubleshooting 234

6.5 Disinfection Systems 234

6.5.1 Purpose and Function 234

6.5.2 Disinfection Methods 235

6.5.3 Routine Operation, Performance Monitoring, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting 237

References 239

7 Desalination Plant Discharge Management 241

7.1 Introduction 241

7.1.1 Concentrate 241

7.1.2 Backwash Water 244

7.1.3 Other Nonconcentrate Side Streams 247

7.2 Concentrate Discharge to Surface Waters 248

7.2.1 Purpose and Function 249

7.2.2 Routine Operation 252

7.2.3 Monitoring of Discharge Water Quantity and Quality 253

7.2.4 Maintenance and Troubleshooting 256

7.3 Backwash Settling and Sludge Dewatering Systems 257

7.3.1 Purpose and Function 257

7.3.2 Routine Operation 260

7.3.3 Performance Monitoring 260

7.3.4 Maintenance 261

7.3.5 Troubleshooting 261

References 263

8 Equipment Maintenance 265

8.1 Introduction 265

8.2 Pumps 265

8.2.1 Purpose and Function 265

8.2.2 Routine Inspection and Maintenance Considerations 266

8.2.3 Troubleshooting 267

8.3 Air Blowers 270

8.3.1 Purpose and Function 270

8.3.2 Routine Inspection and Maintenance 270

8.4 Motors 270

8.4.1 Purpose and Function 270

8.4.2 Routine Inspection and Maintenance 271

8.4.3 Troubleshooting 272

8.5 Bearings 273

8.5.1 Purpose and Function 273

8.5.2 Routine Inspection and Maintenance 273

8.5.3 Troubleshooting 274

8.6 Valves 275

8.6.1 Butterfly Valves 275

8.6.2 Plug Valves 276

8.6.3 Ball Valves 277

8.6.4 Check Valves 278

8.6.5 Gate Valves 279

8.6.6 Diaphragm Valves 279

8.7 Mechanical Seals 281

8.7.1 Purpose and Functions 281

8.7.2 Inspection, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting 281

8.8 Mechanical Drives 282

8.8.1 Purpose and Function 282

8.8.2 Inspection, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting 282

8.9 Chemical Feed Systems 283

8.9.1 Purpose and Function 283

8.9.2 Inspection, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting 283

8.10 Automatic Samplers 285

8.10.1 Purpose and Function 285

8.10.2 Inspection, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting 286

Reference 286.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9780071804219

0071804218

OCLC:

870429698