Noise and the brain : experience dependent developmental and adult plasticity / Joe J. Eggermont, Emeritus Professor of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Eggermont, Jos J., author.

Contributor:

ScienceDirect (Online service)

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Noise--Physiological effect.

Noise.

Neuroplasticity.

Genre:

Electronic books.

Physical Description:

1 online resource

Place of Publication:

London : Academic Press, 2014.

System Details:

Mode of access: World Wide Web.

text file

Summary:

In our industrialized world, we are surrounded by occupational, recreational, and environmental noise. Very loud noise damages the inner-ear receptors and results in hearing loss, subsequent problems with communication in the presence of background noise, and, potentially, social isolation. There is much less public knowledge about the noise exposure that produces only temporary hearing loss but that in the long term results in hearing problems due to the damage of high-threshold auditory nerve fibers. Early exposures of this kind, such as in neonatal intensive care units, manifest themselves at a later age, sometimes as hearing loss but more often as an auditory processing disorder. There is even less awareness about changes in the auditory brain caused by repetitive daily exposure to the same type of low-level occupational or musical sound. This low-level, but continuous, environmental noise exposure is well known to affect speech understanding, produce non-auditory problems ranging from annoyance and depression to hypertension, and to cause cognitive difficulties. Additionally, internal noise, such as tinnitus, has effects on the brain similar to low-level external noise. Noise and the Brain discusses and provides a synthesis of the underlying brain mechanisms as well as potential ways to prevent or alleviate these aberrant brain changes caused by noise exposure. Authored by one of the preeminent leaders in the field of hearing research. Emphasizes direct and indirect changes in brain function as a result of noise exposure. Provides a comprehensive and evidence-based approach. Addresses both developmental and adult plasticity. Includes coverage of epidemiology, etiology, and genetics of hearing problems; effects of non-damaging sound on both the developing and adult brain; non-auditory effects of noise; noise and the aging brain; and more.

Contents:

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Discovery of Noise as a Cause of Hearing Loss 4

1.2 Experimental Studies in Animals and the Establishment of the Neural Substrates of Hearing 7

1.3 Towards the Estimation of Exposure Levels not Causing Permanent Hearing Loss 13

1.4 Towards Legal Limits of Occupational Noise Exposure Levels 15

1.5 The Surging Manifestation of Recreational Noise 16

1.6 The Emergence of Noise Annoyance 17

1.7 Long-Term Exposure to Sound at Levels Well below the Legal Limits Causes Changes in the Central Auditory System 18

1.8 The Need to Move beyond Threshold Audiometry as an Indicator of Safe Exposure Levels 18

1.9 Prevention as the Best Solution 19

References 20

2 Epidemiology, Etiology and Genetics of Hearing Problems 24

2.1 Epidemiology and Etiology 25

2.2 Genetic Basis of NIHL 38

2.3 Summary 43

References 44

3 Neural Substrates of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss 49

3.1 Structural Changes in the Auditory System Following Noise Trauma 49

3.2 Behavioral and Neural Changes 54

3.3 Molecular Changes 69

3.4 Summary 79

References 80

4 Effects of Nondamaging Sound on the Developing Brain 84

4.1 Animal Studies 84

4.2 Human Studies 96

4.3 Effects of Noise on School-Age Children 103

4.4 Music and Music Training 112

4.5 Detection of Affected Brains 113

4.6 Summary 114

References 115

5 Effects of Deafness on the Young Brain 120

5.1 Overview 120

5.2 Newborn Hearing Screening 121

5.3 Effects of Sensorineural Hearing Loss 125

5.4 Conductive Hearing Loss 130

5.5 Effects of Cochlear Implantation 131

5.6 Performance in Early and Late Implanted Children 149

5.7 Summary 150

References 151

6 Speech Understanding in Noise 155

6.1 Effects of Noise and Reverberation on Speech Perception: Role of Age 155

6.2 Adult Hearing in Noise 163

6.3 Aging and Speech Perception 171

6.4 Electrophysiology and Imaging 174

6.5 Summary 176

References 177

7 Effects of "Nondamaging Sound" on the Adult Auditory Brain 180

7.1 Introduction 180

7.2 Auditory Plasticity in Human Adults 181

7.3 Animal Studies of Adult Auditory Plasticity 187

7.4 Brain Changes Following Long-Term Exposure to "Safe" Noise Levels 192

7.5 Putative Mechanisms and Implications for Clinical Audiology 203

7.6 Summary 206

References 206

8 Noise and the Aging Brain 210

8.1 Causes of Aging 210

8.2 Age-Related Hearing Impairment and Presbycusis 211

8.3 Animal Models for Age-Related Hearing Impairment 216

8.4 Neural Transmitter and Receptor Changes with Age 224

8.5 Genetics of Presbycusis 226

8.6 Psychological Aspects 227

8.7 Comparison of ARHI with NIHL 231

8.8 Summary 235

References 236

9 Music and the Brain 240

9.1 The "Good" Aspects of Music 240

9.2 Music and Language 251

9.3 The "Bad" Aspects of Music 256

9.4 Benefit of Music after All? 260

9.5 Summary 262

References 262

10 Nonauditory Effects of Noise 266

10.1 Annoyance 267

10.2 Stress 274

10.3 Sleep 278

10.4 Cardiovascular Effects 286

10.5 What Causes the Nonauditory Effects of Noise? 292

10.6 Summary 295

References 295

11 Noise in the Brain 301

11.1 Phantom Sounds 301

11.2 Relationship to NIHL and ARHI 302

11.3 Where in the Brain is Tinnitus? 306

11.4 Listening to Tinnitus 315

11.5 Nonauditory Effects of Tinnitus 318

11.6 Similarities of Tinnitus and Environmental Sound Effects on the Brain 322

11.7 Summary 324

References 325

12 Protection Against Noise-Induced Brain Changes 330

12.1 Drug-Based Protection 330

12.2 Sound-Based Protection 337

12.3 The Role of the Olivocochlear Bundle in Protection 341

12.4 Short Duration Stress Protects 343

12.5 Hormonal Factors 345

12.6 Delaying Age-Related Hearing Loss 346

12.7 Earlier Diagnosis to Reduce the Impact 347

12.8 Hearing Protection Devices 349

12.9 Changing the Attitudes about Noise 351

12.10 Introducing New Legal Standards? 354

12.11 Summary 355

References 356.

Notes:

Includes index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (Elsevier, viewed Nov. 5, 2013).

ISBN:

9780124159945

012415994X

OCLC:

862118004

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.