The labour markets of emerging economies : has growth translated into more and better jobs? / Sandrine Cazes and Sher Verick.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Cazes, Sandrine.

Contributor:

Verick, Sher.

Series:

Advances in labour studies

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Labor market--Developing countries.

Labor market.

Unemployment--Developing countries.

Unemployment.

Developing countries.

Economic development--Developing countries.

Economic development.

Physical Description:

xx, 282 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm.

Place of Publication:

Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

Summary:

The past few decades have witnessed the economic and geopolitical rise of a number of large middle-income countries around the world, which have to varying degrees embarked on a rapid path to economic development. This volume focuses on the labour market situations, trends and regulations in these emerging economies, examining how they have dealt with both short-term issues, namely the global financial crisis, and longer-term structural challenges. Despite the economic progress made, improvement in the labour market have not been as impressive. Informality, working poverty and vulnerable employment continue to be the norm for most workers in these countries. Part I of the volume compares labour market trends and the institutional and regulatory environments, referencing a range of countries including China and India. Part II includes in-depth case studies of Brazil, Indonesia, South Africa and Turkey. Overall, the volume shows that countries with effective policies and institutions in place are better equipped to tackle labour market challenges. Book jacket.

Contents:

1 Introduction 1

Part I

2 Labour Market Trends in Emerging Economies: Decent Work Deficits Persist Despite Growth and Resilience to the Crisis 21

2.1 Introduction 21

2.2 A macro view on emerging economics 23

2.2.1 Poverty falling but has been accompanied by rising inequality in many countries 26

2.3 Labour market challenges in emerging economies 29

2.3.1 Emerging economies at different stages of the demographic transition 30

2.3.2 The complex phenomenon of rural-urban and international migration of workers from and to emerging economies 31

2.3.3 Unemployment rate: less relevant but high in some countries 32

2.3.4 Skills shortages and mismatches 34

2.3.5 Low female labour force participation rates in some emerging economies 35

2.3.6 Characterizing the informal economy and 'bad' jobs in emerging economies 38

2.3.7 Youth are more vulnerable to poor outcomes in the labour market 44

2.4 Diversity and resilience during the global financial crisis 46

2.5 Is this time different? Comparison of labour market outcomes to previous crises 51

2.6 Summary of labour market trends over the past two decades 58

3 Labour Market Regulations for Development: Enhancing Institutions and Policies in Emerging Economies 63

3.1 Introduction 63

3.2 The role of labour market regulations: theoretical and empirical background 65

3.2.1 Employment protection legislation 65

3.2.2 Minimum wages 67

3.2.3 Trade unions and collective bargaining 70

3.2.4 Unemployment insurance schemes 71

3.3 A cross-country overview of existing labour market institutions 72

3.3.1 Employment protection legislation 73

3.3.2 Minimum wages 78

3.3.3 Trade unions and collective bargaining 79

3.3.4 Unemployment protection systems 83

3.4 The labour market policy response to the global financial crisis 2008-2009 88

3.4.1 Why use labour market policies? 88

3.4.2 Evidence from the global financial crisis 89

3.5 Conclusion 95

Appendix 97

Part II

4 Transitions out of Informality and Falling Unemployment: The Transformation of the Brazilian Labour Market since the 2000s 109

4.1 Introduction 109

4.2 Labour market trends from 2001: falling unemployment and rising formal employment 112

4.3 Factors behind labour market outcomes in Brazil 118

4.4 Drivers of transitions in the labour market 124

4.4.1 Raw labour market transitions 124

4.4.2 Determinants of labour market transition probabilities 129

4.5 Labour market policies and institutions: Brazil's emphasis on social policies 131

5 The Tale of Two Labour Markets: The Resilience of the Indonesian Labour Market to the Global Financial Crisis versus Increasing Casualization of Jobs 148

5.1 Introduction 148

5.2 Reviewing over a decade of growth, crisis and recovery in Indonesia 150

5.3 The Indonesian labour market 1996-2009: what do the aggregates tell us? 154

5.4 Further insights from the micro-data: drivers of employment status 162

5.4.1 Determinants of employment status between 1996 and 2009: summary statistics 162

5.4.2 Determinants of employment status from 1956 to 2009: findings from a multinomial logit model 163

5.4.3 What determines casual employment? 165

5.5 Labour market policies and institutions in Indonesia: does the Manpower Law 13/2003 hinder job growth? 169

5.5.1 Labour market regulation in Indonesia: The Manpower Law 13/2003 170

5.5.2 Labour market policies in Indonesia 175

5.6 Concluding remarks 176

Appendix 178

6 The South African Labour Market: Long-term Structural Problems Exacerbated by the Global Financial Crisis 185

6.1 Introduction 185

6.2 What the aggregates tell about the impact of the global financial crisis on the South African labour market 189

6.3 Drivers of labour market status: insights from the micro-data for 2008-2010 194

6.3.1 Data and definitions 194

6.3.2 Estimates from a model of labour market status 197

6.4 Explaining rising discouragement during the recession - are these individuals different from those undertaking job search? 205

6.4.1 Changes in job search over the crisis period 205

6.4.2 What role for social transfers? 209

6.4.3 Are transitions in the labour market different for the discouraged? 213

6.5 Labour market policies and institutions in South Africa: increasing capacity to target the poor and respond to crises 216

6.5.1 The Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) 217

6.5.2 The Training Layoff Scheme 218

6.5.3 The Unemployment Insurance Fund 221

6.5.4 The South African public employment service 226

6.6 Conclusion 227

7 Strengthening the Turkish Labour Market through More Efficient Regulations 234

7.1 Introduction 234

7.2 Labour market developments in the 2000s 235

7.2.1 Main labour market indicators 235

7.2.2 Changing labour market trends over the 2000s 238

7.3 An in-depth analysis of informal employment: Insights from the micro-data 240

7.3.1 Main determinants of labour force participation: a multivariate analysis 243

7.3.2 Main determinants of employment status, 2006 versus 2009 244

7.4 Promoting efficient labour market regulations in Turkey 249

7.4.1 The labour market institution debate 249

7.4.2 Labour market policies in response to the crisis 253

7.5 Concluding remarks 253

Appendix 256

8 Conclusion 268.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9781137325341

1137325348

9789221245650

9221245659

OCLC:

829386996