Analysis of turbulent flows with computer programs / Tuncer Cebeci.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Cebeci, Tuncer.

Contributor:

Cebeci, Tuncer.

Albert E. Visk, W'28, Memorial Book Fund.

Series:

Elsevier aerospace engineering series

Aerospace engineering

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Turbulence.

Turbulence--Data processing.

Physical Description:

xiii, 450 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.

Edition:

Third edition.

Place of Publication:

Oxford ; Waltham, MA : Butterworth-Heinemann, 2013.

Summary:

A comprehensive introduction to Turbulent Flows with practical applications. Analysis of Turbulent Flows is written by one of the most prolific authors in the field of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Professor Tuncer Cebeci calls on both his academic and industrial experience from teaching aerodynamics at SUPAERO, and directing DMAE at ONERA when presenting this work. Each chapter has been specifically constructed to provide a comprehensive overview of turbulent flow and its measurement. Analysis of Turbulent Flows serves as an advanced textbook for PhD candidates working in the field of CFD, making this, book essential reading for researchers, practitioners in industry and MSc and MEng students. Key features include; An overview of the development and application of Computational Fluid Dynamics, with real applications to industry, Contains a unique section on short-cut methods - simple approaches to practical engineering problems. Book jacket.

Contents:

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Introductory Remarks 1

1.2 Turbulence - Miscellaneous Remarks 3

1.3 The Ubiquity of Turbulence 7

1.4 The Continuum Hypothesis 8

1.5 Measures of Turbulence - Intensity 11

1.6 Measures of Turbulence - Scale 14

1.7 Measures of Turbulence - The Energy Spectrum 19

1.8 Measures of Turbulence - Intermittency 22

1.9 The Diffusive Nature of Turbulence 23

1.10 Turbulence Simulation 26

References 31

2 Conservation Equations for Compressible Turbulent Flows 33

2.1 Introduction 33

2.2 The Navier-Stokes Equations 34

2.3 Conventional Time-Averaging and Mass-Weighted-Averaging Procedures 35

2.4 Relation Between Conventional Time-Averaged Quantities and Mass-Weighted-Averaged Quantities 39

2.5 Continuity and Momentum Equations 41

2.6 Energy Equations 41

2.7 Mean-Kinetic-Energy Equation 42

2.8 Reynolds-Stress Transport Equations 44

2.9 Reduced Forms of the Navier-Stokes Equations 48

References 51

3 Boundary-Layer Equations 53

3.1 Introduction 54

3.2 Boundary-Layer Approximations for Compressible Flows 54

3.2.1 Laminar Flows 55

3.2.2 Turbulent Flows 59

3.3 Continuity, Momentum, and Energy Equations 64

3.3.1 Two-Dimensional Flows 64

3.3.2 Axisymmetric Flows 69

3.3.3 Three-Dimensional Flows 71

3.4 Mean-Kinetic-Energy Flows 73

3.5 Reynolds-Stress Transport Equations 74

3.6 Integral Equations of the Boundary Layer 78

3.6.1 Momentum Integral Equation 79

3.6.2 Mean Energy Integral Equation 80

3.6.3 Turbulent Energy Integral Equation 81

3.6.4 Energy Integral Equation 82

References 87

4 General Behavior of Turbulent Boundary Layers 89

4.1 Introduction 90

4.2 Composite Nature of a Turbulent Boundary Layer 90

4.3 Eddy-Viscosity, Mixing-Length, Eddy-Conductivity and Turbulent Prandtl Number Concepts 99

4.4 Mean-Velocity and Temperature Distributions in Incompressible Flows on Smooth Surfaces 104

4.4.1 Viscous and Conductive Sublayers 107

4.4.2 Fully Turbulent Part of the Inner Region 108

4.4.3 Inner Region 109

4.4.4 Outer Region 112

4.4.5 Equilibrium Boundary. Layers 116

4.4.6 Velocity and Temperature Distributions for the Whole Layer Velocity Profile 117

4.5 Mean-Velocity Distributions in Incompressible Turbulent Flows on Rough Surfaces with Zero Pressure Gradient 123

4.6 Mean-Velocity Distribution on Smooth Porous Surfaces with Zero Pressure Gradient 129

4.7 The Crocco Integral for Turbulent Boundary Layers 131

4.8 Mean-Velocity and Temperature Distributions in Compressible Flows with Zero Pressure Gradient 135

4.8.1 The Law-of-the-Wall for Compressible Flows 135

4.8.2 Van Driest Transformation for the Law of the Wall 139

4.8.3 Transformations for Compressible Turbulent Flows 140

4.8.4 Law of the Wall for Compressible Flow with Mass Transfer 143

4.9 Effect of Pressure Gradient on Mean-Velocity and Temperature Distributions in Incompressible and Compressible Flows 145

References 150

5 Algebraic Turbulence Models 155

5.1 Introduction 156

5.2 Eddy Viscosity and Mixing Length Models 156

5.3 CS Model 160

5.3.1 Effect of Low Reynolds Number 161

5.3.2 Effect of Transverse Curvature 165

5.3.3 Effect of Streamwise Wall Curvature 166

5.3.4 The Effect of Natural Transition 168

5.3.5 Effect of Roughness 172

5.4 Extension of the CS Model to Strong Pressure-Gradient Flows 175

5.4.1 Johnson-King Approach 175

5.4.2 Cebeci-Chang Approach 178

5.5 Extensions of the CS Model to Navier-Stokes Methods 181

5.6 Eddy Conductivity and Turbulent Prandtl Number Models 185

5.7 CS Model for Three-Dimensional Flows 194

5.7.1 Infinite Swept Wing Flows 196

5.7.2 Full Three-Dimensional Flows 199

5.8 Summary 203

References 205

6 Transport-Equation Turbulence Models 211

6.1 Introduction 211

6.2 Two-Equation Models 215

6.2.1 k-ε Model 215

6.2.2 k-ω Model 221

6.2.3 SST Model 224

6.3 One-Equation Models 226

6.3.1 Bradshaw's Model 227

6.3.2 Spalart-Allmaras Model 228

6.4 Stress-Transport Models 230

References 235

7 Short Cut Methods 237

7.1 Introduction 238

7.2 Flows with Zero-Pressure Gradient 238

7.2.1 Incompressible Flow on a Smooth Flat Plate 239

7.2.2 Incompressible Flow on a Rough Flat Plate 248

7.2.3 Compressible Flow on a Smooth Flat Plate 250

7.2.4 Compressible Flow on a Rough Flat Plate 256

7.3 Flows with Pressure Gradient: Integral Methods 257

7.4 Prediction of Flow Separation in Incompressible Flows 264

7.5 Free Shear Flows 268

7.5.1 Two-Dimensional Turbulent Jet 268

7.5.2 Turbulent Mixing Layer Between Two Uniform Streams at Different Temperatures 273

7.5.3 Power Laws for the Width and the Centerline Velocity of Similar Free Shear Layers 280

Appendix 7A Gamma, Beta and Incomplete Beta Functions 281

References 291

8 Differential Methods with Algebraic Turbulence Models 293

8.1 Introduction 294

8.2 Numerical Solution of the Boundary-Layer Equations with Algebraic Turbulence Models 295

8.2.1 Numerical Formulation 297

8.2.2 Newton's Method 299

8.2.3 Block-Elimination Method 301

8.2.4 Subroutine SOLV3 302

8.3 Prediction of Two-Dimensional Incompressible Flows 305

8.3.1 Impermeable Surface with Zero Pressure Gradient 305

8.3.2 Permeable Surface with Zero Pressure Gradient 307

8.3.3 Impermeable Surface with Pressure Gradient 310

8.3.4 Permeable Surface with Pressure Gradient 312

8.4 Axisymmetric Incompressible Flows 315

8.5 Two-Dimensional Compressible Flows 317

8.5.1 Impermeable Surface with Zero Pressure Gradient 317

8.5.2 Permeable Surface with Zero Pressure Gradient 320

8.5.3 Impermeable Surface with Pressure Gradient 320

8.6 Axisymmetric Compressible Flows 322

8.7 Prediction of Two-Dimensional Incompressible Flows with Separation 322

8.7.1 Interaction Problem 324

8.8 Numerical Solution of the Boundary-Layer Equations in the Inverse Mode with Algebraic Turbulence Models 326

8.8.1 Numerical Formulation 328

8.9 Hess-Smith (HS) Panel Method 333

8.9.1 Viscous Effects 340

8.9.2 Flowfield Calculation in the Wake 342

8.10 Results for Airfoil Flows 344

8.11 Prediction of Three-Dimensional Flows with Separation 347

References 354

9 Differential Methods with Transport-Equation Turbulence Models 357

9.1 Introduction 358

9.2 Zonal Method for k-ε Model 358

9.2.1 Turbulence Equations and Boundary Conditions 359

9.2.2 Solution Procedure 360

9.3 Solution of the k-ε Model Equations with and without Wall Functions 371

9.3.1 Solution of the k-ε Model Equations without Wall Functions 371

9.3.2 Solution of the k-ε Model Equations with Wall Functions 374

9.4 Solution of the k-ω and SST Model Equations 375

9.5 Evaluation of Four Turbulence Models 378

9.5.1 Free-Shear Flows 379

9.5.2 Attached and Separated Turbulent Boundary Layers 384

9.5.3 Summary 389

9A Appendix: Coefficients of the Linearized Finite-Difference Equations for the k-ε Model 392

References 407

10 Companion Computer Programs 409

10.1 Introduction 411

10.2 Integral Methods 412

10.2.1 Thwaites' Method 412

10.2.2 Smith-Spalding Method 412

10.2.3 Head's Method 412

10.2.4 Ambrok's Method 413

10.3 Differential Method with CS Model: Two-Dimensional Laminar and Turbulent Flows 413

10.3.1 Main 413

10.3.2 Subroutine INPUT 414

10.3.3 Subroutine IVPL 416

10.3.4 Subroutine GROWTH 417

10.3.5 Subroutine COEF3 417

10.3.6 Subroutine EDDY 417

10.3.7 Subroutine SOLV3 418

10.3.8 Subroutine OUTPUT 418

10.4 Hess-Smith Panel with Viscous Effects 418

10.4.1 Main 418

10.4.2 Subroutine COEF 419

10.4.3 Subroutine OBKUTA 419

10.4.4 Subroutine GAUSS 419

10.4.5 Subroutine VPDIS 419

10.4.6 Subroutine CLCM 420

10.4.7 Subroutine VPDWK 420

10.5 Differential Method with CS Model: Two-Dimensional Flows with Heat Transfer 420

10.6 Differential Method with CS Model: Infinite Swept-Wing Flows 421

10.7 Differential Method with CS and k-ε Models: Components of the Computer Program Common to both Models 421

10.7.1 MAIN 421

10.7.2 Subroutine INPUT 422

10.7.3 Subroutine IVPT 423

10.7.4 Subroutine GROWTH 423

10.7.5 Subroutine GRID 423

10.7.6 Subroutine OUTPUT 423

10.8 Differential Method with CS and k-ε Models: CS Model 424

10.8.1 Subroutine COEFTR 424

10.8.2 Subroutine SOLV3 424

10.8.3 Subroutines EDDY, GAMCAL, CALFA 424

10.9 Differential Method with CS and k-ε Models: k-ε Model 425

10.9.1 Subroutines KECOEF, KEPARM, KEDEF and KEDAMP 425

10.9.2 Subroutine KEINITK 427

10.9.3 Subroutine KEINITG 428

10.9.4 Subroutine KEWALL 428

10.9.5 Subroutine KESOLV 428

10.9.6 Test Cases for the CS and k-ε Models 429

10.9.7 Solution Algorithm 429

10.10 Differential Method with CS and k-ε Models: Basic Tools 431

10.11 Differential Method with SA Model 431

10.12 Differential Method for a Plane Jet 432

10.13 Useful Subroutines 432

10.13.1 Subroutine IVPT 432

10.13.2 Subroutine SOLV2 432

10.14 Differential Method for Inverse Boundary-Layer Flows with CS Model 432

10.14.1 Subroutine INPUT 433

10.14.2 Subroutine HIC 434

10.15 Comparison Computer Programs 435

10.15.1 Sample Calculations for the Panel Method without Viscous Effects 435

10.15.2 Sample Calculations for the Inverse Boundary-Layer Program 438

10.15.3 Sample Calculations with the Interactive Boundary-Layer program 439

References 446.

Notes:

Previous ed.: published as Analysis of turbulent flows. Amsterdam; Oxford: Elsevier, 2004.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Albert E. Visk, W'28, Memorial Book Fund.

Related Work:

Cebeci, Tuncer. Analysis of turbulent flows.

ISBN:

0080983359

9780080983356

OCLC:

813855406

Publisher Number:

99954901418