Information warfare and electronic warfare systems / Richard A. Poisel.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Poisel, Richard.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Electronics in military engineering.

Physical Description:

xvii, 414 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Place of Publication:

Boston : Artech House, [2013]

Summary:

Information warfare in emerging as the new war-fighting paradigm of the United States and many of its allies. This book is the first in the field to address communication electronic warfare (EW) systems in the context of information warfare. Authored by a recognized leading authority, this resource includes a unique formulation of EW system peformance and presents results of system simulations that have not appeared previously in any related literature. Essential reading for EW engineers and researchers working in defense, aerospace, and military capacities, this book explores the properties of information, and information communication, information theory, and EW system architectures. Two operational simulations, one in Northeast Asia and the other in urban terrain, are discussed in the final chapter. This book serves as a valuable resource for practicing electronic warfare engineers and newcomers to electronic warfare, as well as electronic warfare course instructors. Contents Overview: Information Operations and Theory, A Model of Information Warfare, EW Systems and Network-Centric Warfare, Networking, Situation Awareness, EW Systems, System Performance, and Simulations Book jacket.

Contents:

Chapter 1 Introduction to Information Warfare and Electronic Warfare Systems 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Global Information Grid 2

1.3 Networks 4

1.3.1 Operational and Strategic 4

1.3.2 Tactical 4

1.4 Information and Information Theory 5

1.4.1 Network-Centric Operations Background and Characteristics 5

1.5 Electronic Warfare and NCO 7

1.5.1 EW and Networking 10

1.6 EW Systems 14

1.6.1 ES Systems 14

1.6.2 EA Systems 15

1.7 Concluding Remarks 16

References 16

Chapter 2 Information and Information Operations 19

2.1 Introduction 19

2.2 Information 20

2.2.1 The Importance of Information to Warfare 20

2.2.2 Information Sources 20

2.2.3 Information Attributes 21

2.2.4 EW and Its Effects on Information 26

2.3 OODA Loop and Cognitive Hierarchy 27

2.3.1 The OODA Loop Model 29

2.3.2 Cognitive Hierarchy Model 33

2.4 Information Operations 34

2.4.1 Information Warfare/Information Operations 35

2.4.2 Three Domains of Conflict 37

2.4.3 Applying the Domains of Conflict to IO 43

2.4.4 The Efficiency of Decision-Making 49

2.4.5 Summary 50

2.5 Concluding Remarks 51

References 51

Chapter 3 Information Theory 53

3.1 Introduction 53

3.2 Random Variables and Probabilities 53

3.2.1 Moments 56

3.2.2 Entropy 57

3.3 Information 59

3.3.1 Entropy and Information 60

3.3.2 Measuring Information 60

3.3.3 Mutual Information 61

3.4 Information Channels 63

3.4.1 Channels 63

3.4.2 Discrete Channels 64

3.4.3 Coding 64

3.4.4 Channel Capacity 65

3.4.5 Shannon's Channel Coding Theorem 67

3.4.6 Capacity Versus Bandwidth 70

3.4.7 Shannon Limit 72

3.4.8 Capacity of M-Point QAM Signals 73

3.4.9 Capacity of an n-ary PCM System 74

3.4.10 Capacity of Frequency-Hopped Code-Division Multiple-Access Channels 76

3.4.11 Data Processing Theorem 82

3.5 Common Channel Models 82

3.5.1 Encoding and Decoding 83

3.5.2 Capacity for Additive White Gaussian Noise Channels 85

3.5.3 Memoryless Channels 86

3.5.4 Binary Channels 86

3.5.5 Binary Symmetric Channel 86

3.5.6 Erasure Channel 90

3.5.7 Burst Error Model (Gilbert-Elliot Channel) 93

3.5.8 Broadcast Channels 95

3.5.9 Channel Models-General Diagram 102

3.6 Concluding Remarks 103

References 104

Appendix A Weak Law of Large Numbers 105

Chapter 4 A Model of Information Warfare 107

4.1 Introduction 107

4.2 Defining Information Warfare 107

4.2.1 Limitations of the Shannon Model 109

4.3 Information Warfare Strategies 109

4.3.1 Four Canonical IW Strategies 110

4.3.2 Summary 120

4.4 Hypergames and IW 121

4.4.1 Hypergames 123

4.4.2 Gaining Advantage from Differences in Perception 129

4.4.3 Mapping the Canonical IW Strategies onto Hypergames 131

4.5 Concluding Remarks 131

References 133

Appendix A Turing Machines 135

Chapter 5 Electronic Warfare Systems and Network-Centric Warfare 139

5.1 Introduction 139

5.2 Network Centric Warfare 139

5.2.1 Concept of Network-Centric Warfare 140

5.2 Definition of NCW 141

5.2.3 Dissenting Views 141

5.3 Thick and Thin Sensors 143

5.4 EW Contributions 145

5.4.1 EW Contribution to Situation Assessment 145

5.4.2 EW Contribution to Targeting 145

5.4.3 Electronic Support 146

5.4.4 EW Target Analysis 148

5.4.5 EW Intelligence Analysis 149

5.4.6 Communications EW Contribution 150

5.4.7 Electronic Attack 157

5.4.8 Virtual CEW Organizations 158

5.4.9 Information Required by Communications EW Systems 161

5.5 Effects-Based Operations and the Role of EW 163

5.5.1 EW and EBO 164

5.5.2 Ability to Conduct Effects-Based Operations 165

5.5.3 Cueing Other Sensors 165

5.6 Collaboration 166

5.6.1 Information Saturation 170

5.6.2 Network-Centric Benefit 172

5.7 Data and Information Fusion 172

5.7.1 The Need for Fusion 174

5.7.2 Cognitive Hierarchy-Revisited 176

5.7.3 Fusion Levels 178

5.7.4 Human Interaction 180

5.7.5 Summary 180

5.8 Concluding Remarks 180

References 181

Chapter 6 Networking 183

6.1 Introduction 183

6.2 Computer Networks 184

6.2.1 The Internet 186

6.2.2 Mobile Computer Networks 191

6.2.3 Evolving Wireless Networks Outside the Internet 191

6.3 Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 192

6.3.1 Ad Hoc Networks versus Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 192

6.3.2 History of MANETs 193

6.3.3 MANET Layers 193

6.3.4 Routing Protocols for MANETs 193

6.4 MANET Security 198

6.4.1 Security Issues 198

6.4.2 A Multilevel Security Approach 200

6.4.3 Trusted Node Routing 203

6.5 EW Attacks on MANETs 203

6.5.1 Traditional Attacks/Channel Capacity for MANETs 204

6.5.2 Nontraditional MANET Attacks 213

6.5.3 MANET Security Challenges 215

6.6 MANETs and EW Systems 216

6.6.1 Command and Control 216

6.6.2 Reporting 216

6.6.3 Target Tasking/Dynamic Retasking 217

6.6.4 On-the-Move Communications 217

6.6.5 Sensor Networks 218

6.6.6 Location Reporting 218

6.7 Concluding Remarks 218

References 219

Chapter 7 Situation Awareness 221

7.1 Introduction 221

7.2 Situation Awareness and Fusion Levels 221

7.3 Situation Assessment Strategies 224

7.3.1 Knowledge Acquisition and Database Development 224

7.3.2 Development of an Active Memory 225

7.3.3 Summary 226

7.4 Bayesian Logic and Bayesian Belief Networks 226

7.4.1 Introduction to Bayesian Logic 227

7.4.2 Modeling Knowledge and Conflict Using Bayes' Reasoning 228

7.4.3 Bayesian Belief Networks 240

7.5 Concluding Remarks 253

References 253

Chapter 8 EW Systems 255

8.1 Introduction 255

8.2 EW System Architectures 255

8.2.1 ES System Architectures 258

8.3 Receiving Systems 261

8.3.1 Basic Architecture 261

8.4 EA System Architectures 269

8.4.1 Jamming Techniques 269

8.4.2 Asset Sharing 271

8.4.3 Jamming Systems 272

8.5 EW System Operational Considerations 274

8.5.1 Means Versus Effects 274

8.5.2 Radio Propagation Issues 275

8.5.3 Wartime Reserve Modes 275

8.5.4 Employment Considerations 276

8.5.5 ES Operational Considerations 277

8.5.6 EA Operational Considerations 283

8.6 Concluding Remarks 285

References 285

Chapter 9 Electronic Warfare System Performance 287

9.1 Introduction 287

9.1.1 Confidentiality from Eavesdropping 288

9.1.2 Jammer Effects on Communication Reliability 289

9.2 The Wiretap Channel 289

9.2.1 Wyner's Wiretap Channel 290

9.2.2 Discrete Memoryless Wiretap Channel 291

9.2.3 Privacy Capacity 293

9.3 Arbitrarily Varying Channels 295

9.3.1 Arbitrarily Varying Channels 296

9.3.2 Coding Scheme 299

9.3.3 AVC Capacities 300

9.4 Electronic Support Performance 302

9.4.1 ES Performance-Privacy Capacity 303

9.5 Jamming Performance in AWGN Channels 312

9.5.1 Jammer Scenario 313

9.5.2 Broadband Noise Jamming 313

9.5.3 Partial-Band Noise Jamming 314

9.6 Spatially Duplexed EW System Performance with Multiple Antennas 316

9.6.1 Active Intercept Channel 318

9.6.2 Jamming Waveforms 324

9.6.3 Antenna Selection 325

9.6.4 Self-Interference Cancellation 325

9.6.5 Summary 326

9.7 EW Performance with Collocated EA and ES and Multiple Antennas 326

9.7.1 Channel Scenario 327

9.7.2 Privacy Rate Approximations 330

9.7.3 Strategic Wiretap Game 335

9.7.4 Extensive Form Intercept Game 339

9.7.5 Simulation Results 343

9.7.6 Summary 344

9.8 Independent ES and EA System Performance 344

9.8.1 Arbitrarily Varying Wiretap Channels 345

9.8.2 Degraded Channels 348

9.8.3 Coding Scheme and Performance Measures 349

9.8.4 Privacy Capacity 350

9.8.5 Performance of AVWTCs 350

9.8.6 Examples 354

9.8.7 Summary 357

9.9 Concluding Remarks 357

References 358

Chapter 10 EW Architecture Simulations 361

10.1 Introduction 361

10.2 Engineering Simulation 361

10.2.1 Electronic Attack 362

10.2.2 Transmission Sequence 367

10.2.3 Jammer Placement 368

10.2.4 Results 368

10.2.5 Summary and Conclusions from the Engineering Simulation 371

10.3 Operational Simulation 371

10.3.1 Scenario Model 372

10.3.2 EW Methodology 372

10.3.3 Key Assumptions 373

10.3.4 NEA Scenario 373

10.3.5 MOUT Scenario 385

10.4 Recommendations 393

10.5 Concluding Remarks 393

10.5.1 Engineering Simulation 393

10.5.2 Operational Simulation 394

References 394

Appendix A Simulated Networks 395.

ISBN:

1608077055

9781608077052

OCLC:

829451434