A reference grammar of Kotiria (Wanano) / by Kristine Stenzel.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Stenzel, Kristine, author.

Language:

English

Guarani

Subjects (All):

Guanano language--Grammar.

Guanano language.

Grammar.

Physical Description:

xx, 506 pages ; 23 cm

Place of Publication:

Lincoln, Nebraska : University of Nebraska Press, 2013.

Contents:

1 The Kotiria and their language 1

1.1 Linguistic diversity in Brazilian Amazonia 1

1.2 The Tukanoan language family 3

1.2.1 Research on Tukanoan languages 6

1.2.2 Research on the Kotiria language 8

1.3 The Kotiria: demographics and geographic location 8

1.4 A brief history of contact 13

1.5 Linguistic exogamy, multilingualism, and the Vaupés social system 15

1.6 The specter of language loss and the development of language maintenance programs 18

2 Phonology 22

2.1 Phonemic inventory 22

2.2 Consonants 23

2.2.1 Plosives: voiced, voiceless unaspirated, voiceless aspirated 24

2.2.2 The relation of [d] and [r] 30

2.2.3 The affricate /t∫/ 32

2.2.4 Allophones of oral consonants 34

2.3 Vowels and vowel harmony 36

2.4 The syllabic 38

2.4.1 Shapes, constraints, and association rules 38

2.4.2 Moras in prosodic structure 39

2.5 Suprasegmental nasalization 42

2.5.1 Nasal allophones and derivations of [+nasal] morphemes 43

2.5.2 Spreading processes 45

2.6 Suprasegmental tone 48

2.6.1 Tone or pitch accent? 48

2.6.2 Derivations and spreading processes 50

2.6.3 Monomoraic roots and tonal melodies 55

2.7 Suprasegmental glottalization 59

2.7.1 Segment or suprasegment? 60

2.7.2 Association and derivations 65

2.7.3 Glottalization and preaspiration 67

2.8 Cooccurrence of suprasegmentals 69

2.9 Other commonly occurring phonological processes 69

2.9.1 Fusion of like vowels 69

2.9.2 Vowel devoicing 71

2.10 The Kotiria practical orthography 72

3 Words 76

3.1 Basic morphological processes 76

3.2 Roots: noun, verb, and particle 78

3.3 Verbal words 81

3.3.1 Finite, simple nonfinite, and nominalized nonfinite verbs 81

3.3.2 Derived verbs 83

3.4 Nominal words 86

3.4.1 Simple nouns 86

3.4.2 Derived nouns 86

3.5 Words expressing adjectival and adverbial notions 87

3.6 Properties of roots, suffixes, and clitics 89

3.7 Phonological and grammatical words 93

3.8 Some considerations on the orthographic word 96

4 Noun classes and noun formation 98

4.1 Noun classes in Eastern Tukanoan languages 98

4.2 Animates 101

4.2.1 Nouns with human referents: gender and number 102

4.2.2 Nonhuman individual animates 107

4.2.3 Inherently collective animates 112

4.2.4 Linguistic coding and the hierarchy of animates 113

4.3 Inanimates 113

4.3.1 Mass nouns 114

4.3.2 Countable nouns: unsuffixed nouns and body part nouns with +ro 116

4.3.3 Inanimates with classifiers 119

4.4 General properties of Kotiria noun classification 128

4.5 Derived nouns 130

4.5.1 Nominals derived from verbal roots 130

4.5.2 Nominals derived from particles 136

4.6 The negative nominal ∼de 140

4.7 Pronouns 142

4.7.1 Deictic forms: first and second person 142

4.7.2 Anaphoric forms: third person 143

4.7.3 Anaphoric forms for inanimates 145

4.8 Noun compounds 150

5 Nominal morphology 152

5.1 Additional morphemes coding lexical information 152

5.1.1 Evaluatives: ∼ka 'diminutive', -wu'ru 'augmentative' 153

5.1.2 Other qualifying morphemes: -khu 'additive', -dita 'solitary', and (-)waro 'emphatic' 156

5.2 Morphemes coding grammatical information 158

5.2.1 Locatives +i, -pu 159

5.2.2 Object +re 161

5.2.3 Comitarive-instrumental =∼be're 163

5.3 Morphemes coding discourse-level information 164

5.3.1 Referential =ta 164

5.3.2 Contrastive subject -se'e 165

5.3.3 Emphatic ∼hi'da 167

5.3.4 Restrictions and interesting combinations 167

5.4 Review of morphophonological processes 169

5.4.1 Nasalization, tone specification, and spreading 169

5.4.2 Status of morphemes 171

6 Noun phrases 173

6.1 Constituent order in noun phrases 173

6.2 Determiners 175

6.3 Quantifiers 177

6.3.1 Numbers 177

6.3.2 Other quantifiers 183

6.4 Possession 185

6.4.1 Pronominal possession 186

6.4.2 Possession by a noun or NP 187

6.4.3 Locative possession: ∼baka 188

6.4.4 The possessive root ya 189

6.5 Interrogatives 191

6.5.1 Interrogative nominals 191

6.5.2 Interrogative modifiers 193

6.6 Descriptive (adjectival) nominalizations 194

6.7 Multiple modifiers 195

7 Verbal semantics and serialization processes 198

7.1 Stative verbs 198

7.1.1 Copula: hi 199

7.1.2 Nonexistence: ∼badia 202

7.1.3 Stative possession: khua 203

7.1.4 Position 204

7.1.5 Adjectival statives 206

7.2 Activity verbs 206

7.3 Motion verbs 209

7.3.1 Basic motion verbs: wa 'a 'go' and ta 'come' 209

7.3.2 Directional verbs 213

7.3.3 Relational motion verbs 214

7.3.4 Verbs of placement 215

7.4 Verbs of sensory perception and mental processes 216

7.5 Common verb serialization constructions 221

7.5.1 Motion verbs coding direction or manner 223

7.5.2 Aspectual functions of noninitial verbs 229

7.5.3 Other noninitial roots coding aspect 234

7.5.4 Modal functions of noninitial verbs 238

7.5.5 Other types of serialized constructions 241

7.6 Verbs with incorporated nouns 242

8 Nonroot stem morphemes in the verb 244

8.1 Overview of the morphology of finite verbs 244

8.2 Negation: -era 246

8.3 Intensification and emphasis: -yu 'du 250

8.4 Modality 251

8.4.1 Dubitative: -bo 252

8.4.2 Frustrative: ∼ba 252

8.4.3 Favoritive: -pe 253

8.4.4 Other modal morphemes 254

8.5 Imperfective and perfective aspect 255

8.5.1 Imperfective aspect: -ati 256

8.5.2 Perfective aspect: -wa 'a 258

8.5.3 The function of the suffix +a 263

8.6 Order of verbal morphemes and degree of grammaticalization 264

9 Clause modality 268

9.1 Evidentials: overview and previous analyses 269

9.2 A revised analysis of Kotiria evidentials 271

9.2.1 Nonfirsthand evidence: hearsay 273

9.2.2 Visual external firsthand evidence 274

9.2.3 Nonvisual external firsthand evidence 282

9.2.4 External firsthand evidence: inference 284

9.2.5 Internal firsthand evidence: assertion 285

9.2.6 Hierarchization of evidential categories and the notion of deixis 293

9.2.7 Kotiria evidentials and epistemic values 295

9.2.8 Further remarks on the evidential categories 297

9.3 Irrealis 298

9.3.1 Prediction and intention 299

9.3.2 Negative irrealis 301

9.4 Interrogatives 303

9.4.1 Aspectual distinctions in questions 304

9.4.2 Questions involving supposition or speculation 305

9.5 Directive modality 307

9.5.1 Imperative: +ga 307

9.5.2 Permissive: ∼ba 308

9.5.3 Admonitive -ri and adversative -kuru 309

9.5.4 Exhortatives: (∼sa...) ∼ (hi')da 310

9.5.5 Reporting requests, demands, and warnings 311

10 Clause structure 313

10.1 Subject agreement 314

10.1.1 Subject agreement morphology on realis finite verbs 315

10.1.2 Subject agreement morphology in other constructions 316

10.1.3 Adverbial clauses without subject agreement 319

10.2 Intransitives 321

10.3 Transitives 321

10.3.1 Objects with and without +re 323

10.3.2 More on the semantics of +re 326

10.4 Ditransitives 336

10.5 Verbs with locative arguments 337

10.5.1 Stative verbs with locative arguments 337

10.5.2 Motion verbs with locative arguments 340

10.5.3 Another verb with object and oblique arguments 343

10.6 Valency-changing roots 344

10.7 Adjuncts 345

10.7.1 Locative 346

10.7.2 Temporal expressions and adjuncts 348

10.7.3 Comitative 353

10.7.4 Instrumental 354

10.7.5 The status of =∼be're 355

11 Complex sentences 357

11.1 Order of constituents in clauses 357

11.2 Prcverbal modification 358

11.2.1 Adverbials: quality and evaluation 358

11.2.2 Adverbials: manner 359

11.2.3 Adverbials: ∼hi'da 'emphatic' 361

11.2.4 Adverbials: similarity, comparison, and contrast 363

11.2.5 Adverbials: interrogative 366

11.3 Verbs with clausal complements 368

11.3.1 Modal with ∼kha 'ba 368

11.3.2 Progressive with ∼di 369

11.3.3 Purposive with wa 'a and ta 371

11.4 Quoted speech constructions 371

11.5 Perfective and causative constructions with yoa 373

11.6 Other clauses with sequences of verbs 376

11.7 A summary comparison of multiple-verb constructions 379.

ISBN:

9780803228221

0803228228

OCLC:

839315196