Massacres and morality : mass atrocities in an age of civilian immunity / Alex J. Bellamy.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Bellamy, Alex J., 1975-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Massacres--History.

Massacres.

Massacres--Moral and ethical aspects.

Civilian war casualties--History.

Civilian war casualties.

Civilian war casualties--Moral and ethical aspects.

War crimes--History.

War crimes.

War crimes--Moral and ethical aspects.

History.

Physical Description:

450 pages ; 24 cm

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012.

Summary:

Most cultural and legal codes agree that the intentional killing of civilians, whether in peacetime or war, is prohibited. This is the norm of civilian immunity, widely considered to be a fundamental moral and legal principle. Yet despite this fact, the deliberate killing of large numbers of civilians remains a persistent feature of global political life. What is more, the perpetrators have often avoided criticism and punishment. Examining dozens of episodes of mass killing perpetrated by states since the French Revolution to the late eighteenth century, this book attempts to explain this paradox. It studies the role that civilian immunity has played in shaping the behaviour of perpetrators and how international society has responded to mass killing. The book a argues that although the world has made impressive progress in legislating against the intentional killing of civilians and in constructing institutions to give meaning to that prohibition, the norm's history in practice suggests that the ascendancy of civilian immunity is both more recent and more fragile than might otherwise be thought. In practice, decisions to violate a norm shaped by factors relating to the norm and the situation at hand, so too is the manner in which international society and individual states respond to norm violations. Responses to norm violations are not simply matters of normative obligation or calculations of self-interest but are instead guided by a combination of these logics as well as perceptions about the situation at hand, existing relations with the actors involved, and power relations between actors holding different accounts of the situation. Thus, whilst civilian immunity has for the time being prevailed over 'anti-civilian ideologies' which seek to justify mass killing, it remains challenged by these ideologies and its implementation shaped by individual circumstances. As a result, whilst it has become much more difficult for states to get away with mass murder, it is still not entirely impossible for them to do so. Book jacket.

Contents:

1 Civilian Immunity and the Politics of Legitimacy 17

2 State Terror in the Long Nineteenth Century 42

3 Totalitarian Mass Killing 99

4 Terror Bombing in the Second World War 132

5 The Cold War Struggle (1): Capitalist Atrocities 160

6 The Cold War Struggle (2): Communist Atrocities 223

7 Atrocities and the 'Golden Age' of Humanitarianism 300

8 Radical Islamism and the War on Terror 349.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [396]-439) and index.

ISBN:

9780199288427

0199288429

OCLC:

788287846