American girls, beer, and Glenn Miller : GI morale in World War II / James J. Cooke.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Cooke, James J.

Series:

American military experience series

The American military experience series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

United States. Army--Military life--History--20th century.

United States.

United States. Army and Air Force Exchange Service.

United States. Army.

Morale.

Military morale--United States.

Military morale.

Soldiers--Recreation--United States--History--20th century.

Soldiers.

Osborn, Frederick, 1889-1981.

Osborn, Frederick.

United States. Army Service Forces. Special Service Division.

United States. Army. Services of Supply. Special Service Division.

United States. Army Service Forces. Morale Service Division.

United States. Army and Air Force Exchange Service--History.

Military exchanges--United States--History--20th century.

Military exchanges.

United States. Army--History--World War, 1939-1945.

History.

Soldiers--United States--History--20th century.

Soldiers--Recreation.

World War, 1939-1945--United States.

World War, 1939-1945.

Physical Description:

206 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.

Other Title:

GI morale in World War II

Place of Publication:

Columbia [Mo.] ; London : University of Missouri Press, [2012]

Summary:

"Cooke's examination of the Special Services and PX System during World War II, a subject previously overlooked by scholars, shows that these goods and services kept the armed forces' spirits up under the alienating conditions of global war."--Dennis Showalter, author of Patton and Rommel: Men of War in the Twentieth Century As World War II dawned in Europe, General George C. Marshall, the new Army Chief of Staff, had to acknowledge that American society--and the citizens who would soon become soldiers--had drastically changed in the previous few decades. Almost every home had a radio, movies could talk, and driving in an automobile to the neighborhood soda fountain was part of everyday life. A product of newly created mass consumerism, the soldier of 1940 had expectations of material comfort, even while at war. Historian James J. Cooke presents the first comprehensive look at how Marshall's efforts to cheer soldiers far from home resulted in the enduring morale services that the Army provides still today. Marshall understood that civilian soldiers provided particular challenges and wanted to improve the subpar morale services that had been provided to Great War doughboys. Frederick Osborn, a civilian intellectual, was called to head the newly formed morale branch, which quickly became the Special Services Division. Hundreds of on-post movie theaters showing first-run movies at reduced prices, service clubs where GIs could relax, and inexpensive cafeterias were constructed. The Army Exchange System took direction under Brigadier General Joseph Byron, offering comfort items at low prices; the PX sold everything from cigarettes and razor blades to low-alcohol beer in very popular beer halls. The great civic organizations--the YMCA, the Salvation Army, the Jewish Welfare Board, and others--were brought together to form the United Service Organizations (USO). At USO Camp Shows, admired entertainers like Bob Hope, Bing Crosby, and Frances Langford brought home-style entertainment to soldiers within the war zones. As the war heightened in intensity, the Special Service Companies grew to over forty in number, each containing more than one hundred enlisted men. Trained in infantry skills, soldiers in the companies at times would have to stop showing movies, pick up their rifles, and fight. The Special Services Division, PX, and USO were crucial elements in maintaining GI morale, and Cooke's work makes clear the lasting legacy of these efforts to boost the average soldier's spirits almost a century ago. The idea that as American soldiers serve abroad, they should have access to at least some of the comforts of home has become a cultural standard.

Contents:

1 The Abnormal Communities 5

2 American Beer and American Girls 23

3 1943: Consolidation 40

4 Picadilly Lilly 55

5 A One-Man Band 91

6 1944: Invasions and Frustrations 110

7 "Unnecessarily Unsatisfactory" 127

8 Movies, Doughnuts, and M1 Rifles 142

9 Aftermath, 1945-48 160.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 195-199) and index.

ISBN:

9780826219848

0826219845

OCLC:

792881677