Security, territory, population : lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-78 / Michel Foucault ; edited by Michel Senellart ; general editors, François Ewald and Alessandro Fontana ; translated by Graham Burchell.

Format:

• Book

Author/Creator:

• Foucault, Michel, 1926-1984

Contributor:

• Senellart, Michel.
• Ewald, François.
• Fontana, Alessandro.

Standardized Title:

• Sécurité, territoire, population. English

Language:

• English
• French

Subjects (All):

• Reason of state.
• Power (Social sciences).
• State, The.
• Political science--Philosophy.

Physical Description:

xvii, 417 pages ; 23 cm

Place of Publication:

New York : Picador/Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

Language Note:

Translated from the French.

Contents:

• 1 11 January 1978
• General perspective of the lectures: the study of bio-power
• Five proposals on the analysis of mechanisms of power
• Legal system, disciplinary mechanisms, and security apparatuses ( dipositifs )
• Two examples
• a The punishment of theft
• b The treatment of leprosy, plague, and smallpox
• General features of security apparatuses( 1 ): the spaces of security
• The example of the town
• Three examples of planning urban space in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
• a Alexandre Le Maître's La Métropolitée ( 1682 )
• b Richelieu
• c Nantes
• 2 18 January 1978
• General features of apparatuses of security ( II ): relationship to the event: the art of governing and treatment of the uncertain ( l'aléatoire )
• The problem of scarcity ( la disette ) in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
• From the mercantilists to the physiocrats
• Differences between apparatuses of security and disciplinary mechanisms in ways of dealing with the event
• The new governmental rationality and the emergence of "population."
• Conclusion on liberalism: liberty as ideology and technique of government
• 3 25 January 1978
• General features of apparatuses of security ( III )
• Normation ( normation ) and normalization
• The example of the epidemic ( smallpox ) and inoculation campaigns in the eighteenth century
• The emergence of new notions: case, risk, danger, and crisis
• The forms of normalization in discipline and in mechanisms of security
• Deployment of a new political technology: the government of populations
• The problem of population in the mercantilists and the physiocrats
• The population as operator ( operateur ) of transformations in domains of knowledge: from the analysis of wealth to political economy, from natural history to biology, from general grammar to historical philology
• 4 1 February 1978
• The problem of "government in the sixteenth century
• Multiplicity of practices of government ( government of self, government of souls, government of children, etcetera )
• The specific problem of the government of the state
• The point of repulsion of the literature on government: Machiavelli's The Prince
• Brief history of the reception of The Prince until the nineteenth century
• The art of government distinct from the Prince's simple artfulness
• Example of this new art of government: Guillaume de la Perrière Le Miroir politique ( 1555 )
• A government that finds its end in the "things" to be directed
• Decline of law to the advantage of a variety of tactics
• The historical and institutional obstacles to the implementation of this art of government until the eighteenth century
• The problem of population an essential factor in unblocking the art of government
• The triangle formed by government, population, and political economy
• Questions of method: the project of a history of "governmentality." Overvaluation of the problem of the state
• 5 8 February 1978
• Why study governmentality?
• The problem of the state and population
• Reminder of the general project: triple displacement of the analysis in relation to ( a ) the institution, ( b ) the function, and ( c ) the object
• The stake of this year's lectures
• Elements for a history of "government." Its semantic field from the thirteenth to the sixteenth century
• The idea of the government of men. Its sources
• A The organization of a pastoral power in the pre-Christian and Christian East
• B Spiritual direction ( direction de conscience )
• First outline of the pastorate. Its specific features
• a It is exercised over a multiplicity on the move
• b It is a fundamentally beneficent power with salvation of the flocks as its objective
• c It is a power which individualizes. Omnes et singulatim. The paradox of the shepherd ( berger )
• The institutionalization of the pastorate by the Christian Church
• 6 15 February 1978
• Analysis of the pastorate ( continuation )
• The problem of the shepherd-flock relationship in Greek literature and thought: Homer, the Pythagorean tradition. Rareness of the shepherd metaphor in classical political literature ( Isocrates, Demosthenes )
• A major exception: Plato's The Statesman
• The use of the metaphor in other Plato texts ( Critias, Laws, The Republic )
• The critique of the idea of a magistrate-shepherd in The Statesman
• The pastoral metaphor applied to the doctor, farmer, gymnast, and teacher
• The history of the pastorate in the West, as a model of the government of men, in inseparable from Christianity
• Its transformations and crises up to the eighteenth century
• Need for a history of the pastorate
• Characteristics of the "government of souls" : encompassing power coextensive with the organization of the Church and distinct from political power
• The problem of the relationships between political power and pastoral power in the West. Comparison with the Russian tradition
• 7 22 February 1978Analysis of the pastorate ( end )
• Specificity of the Christian pastorate in comparison with Eastern and Hebraic traditions
• An art of governing men. Its role in the history of governmentality
• Main features of the Christian pastorate from the third to the sixth century ( Saint John Chrysostom, Saint Cyprian, Saint Ambrose, Gregory the Great, Cassian, Saint Benedict )
• 1 The relationship to salvation
• An economy of merits and faults
• a The principle of analytical responsibility
• b The principle of exhaustive and instantaneous transfer
• c The principle of sacrificial reversal
• d The principle of alternate correspondence
• 2 The relationship to the law: institution of a relationship of complete subordination of the sheep to the person who directs them
• An individual and non-finalized relationship
• Difference between Greek and Christian apatheia
• 3 The relationship to the truth; the production of hidden truths
• Pastoral teaching and spiritual direction
• Conclusion: an absolutely new form of power that marks the appearance of specific modes of individualization
• Its decisive importance for the history of the subject
• 8 1 March 1978
• The notion of "conduct."
• The crisis of the pastorate
• Revolts of conduct in the field of the pastorate
• The shift of forms of resistance to the borders of political institutions in the modern age: examples of the army, secret societies, and medicine
• Problem of vocabulary: "Revolts of conduct," "insubordination" ( insoumission )," "dissidence," and "counter-conduct." Pastoral counter-conducts
• Historical reminder
• a Asceticism
• b Communities
• c Mysticism
• d Scripture
• e Eschatological beliefs
• Conclusion: what is at stake in the reference to the notion of "pastoral power" for an analysis of the modes of exercise of power in general
• 9 8 March 1978
• From the pastoral of souls to the political government of men
• General context of this transformation: the crisis of the pastorate and the insurrections of conduct in the sixteenth century
• The Protestant Reformation and the Counter Reformation
• Other factors
• Two notable phenomena; the intensification of the religious pastorate and the increasing question of conduct, on both private and public levels
• Governmental reason specific to the exercise of sovereignty
• Comparison with Saint Thomas
• Break-up of the cosmological-theological continuum
• The question of the art of governing
• Comment on the problem of intelligibility in history
• Raison d'État ( 1 ): newness and object of scandal
• Three focal points of the polemical debate around raison d'État: Machiavelli, "politics" ( la "politique" ), and the "state."
• 10 15 March 1978
• Raison d'État ( II ): its definition and principal characteristics in the seventeenth century
• The new model of historical temporality entailed by raison d'État
• Specific features of raison d'État with regard to pastoral government
• 1 The problem of salvation: the theory of coup d'État ( Naudé ). Necessity, violence, theatricality
• 2 The problem of obedience. Bacon: the question of sedition. Differences between Bacon and Machiavelli
• 3 The problem of truth: from the wisdom of the prince to knowledge of the state. Birth of statistics.
• The problem of the secret
• The reflexive prism in which the problem of the state appeared
• Presence-absence of "population" in this new problematic
• 11 22 March 1978Raison d'État ( III )
• The state as principle of intelligibility and as objective
• The functioning of this governmental reason
• A In theoretical texts
• The theory of the preservation of the state
• B In political practice. Competition between states
• The Treaty of Westphalia and the end of the Roman Empire
• Force, a new element of political reason
• Politics and the dynamic of forces
• The first technological ensemble typical of this new art of government: the diplomatic-military system
• Its objective: the search for a European balance
• What is Europe? The idea of "balance."
• Its instruments
• 1 War
• 2 Diplomacy
• 3 The installation of a permanent military apparatus (dispositif)
• 12 29 March 1978
• The second technological assemblage characteristic of the new art of government according to raison d'État: police. Traditional meanings of the word up to the sixteenth century. Its new sense in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: calculation and technique making possible the good sue of the state's forces
• The triple relationship between the system of European balance and police
• Diversity of Italian, German, and French situations
• Turquet de Mayerne, La Monarchie aristodémocratique
• The control of human activity as constitutive element of the force of the state
• Objects of police
• 1 The number of citizens
• 2 The necessities of life
• 3 Health
• 4 Occupations
• 5 The coexistence and circulation of men
• Police as the art of managing life and the well-being of populations
• 13 5 April 1978
• Police ( continuation )
• Delamare
• The town as site for the development of police. Police and urban regulation. Urbanization of the territory. Relationship between police and the mercantilist problematic
• Emergence of the market town
• Methods of police. Difference between police and justice. An essentially regulatory type of power. Regulation and discipline
• Return to the problem of grain
• Criticism of the police state on the basis of the problem of scarcity
• The theses of the économistes
• The transformations of raison d'État
• 1 The naturalness of society
• 2 New relationships between power and knowledge
• 3 Taking charge of the population ( public hygiene, demography, etc. )
• 4 New forms of state intervention
• 5 The status of liberty
• Elements of the new art of government: economic practice, management of the population, law and respect for liberties, police with a repressive function
• Different forms of counter-conduct relative to this governmentality
• General conclusion.

Notes:

• Translation of: Sécurité, territoire, population.
• Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

ISBN:

• 0312203608
• 9780312203603

OCLC:

234439871

Publisher Number:

99951107734