The role of Wnt signalling in the development of somites and neural crest / C. Schmidt ... [and others].

Format:

• Book

Contributor:

• Schmidt, C. (Corina)

Series:

• Advances in anatomy, embryology, and cell biology ; 195.
• Advances in anatomy, embryology, and cell biology, 0301-5556 ; 195

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

• Neural crest.
• Somite.
• Wnt proteins.
• Wnt Proteins--physiology.
• Neural Crest--physiology.
• Somites--physiology.

Medical Subjects:

• Wnt Proteins--physiology.
• Neural Crest--physiology.
• Somites--physiology.

Physical Description:

x, 64 pages : color illustrations ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

Berlin : Springer, [2008]

Summary:

• The Wnt family of secreted signalling molecules controls a wide range of developmental processes in all metazoans. In this investigation, the authors have concentrated on the role that members of this family play during the development of (1) the somites and (2) the neural crest. Finally they have isolated a novel component of the Wnt signalling pathway called Naked Cuticle and investigated the role that this protein may play in both the previously mentioned processes.
• (1) In higher vertebrates the paraxial mesoderm undergoes a mesenchymal to epithelial transformation to form segmentally organised structures called somites. The authors show that Wnt6, the only member of this family to be ocalised to the chick paraxial ectoderm is able to regulate the development of epithelial somites.
• (2) The neural crest is a population of multipotent progenitor cells that arise from the neural ectoderm in all vertebrate embryos and form a multitude of derivatives. The induction of the neural crest relies on an ectodermally derived signal, but the identity of the molecule performing this role in amniotes is not known. Here the authors show that Wnt6, a protein expressed in the ectoderm, induces neural crest production.
• (3) The intracellular response to Wnt signalling depends on the choice of signalling cascade activated in the responding cell. Recent work has identified the protein Naked Cuticle to act as an intracellular switch to promote the non-canonical pathway at the expense of the canonical pathway. The authors have cloned chick Naked Cuticle-1 and show that it is expressed in the somites and that the expression of cNkd1 is regulated by Wnt expression originating from the neural tube. This study provides evidence that non-canonical Wnt signalling plays a part in somite development.

Contents:

• 1.1 Wnts and Development 1
• 1.2 Somite Formation 6
• 1.3 Induction, Delamination and Migration of Neural Crest 9
• 1.3.1 Induction of the Neural Crest 10
• 1.3.2 Delamination and Migration of the Neural Crest 12
• 1.4 Outline of Research Plan 14
• 1.4.1 Wnt6 and Somitogenesis 14
• 1.4.2 The Regulation of cNkd1 Expression 14
• 1.4.3 Wnt6 and Neural Crest 15
• 2 Materials and Methods 15
• 2.1 Embryos 15
• 2.2 Culture of Wnt-Expressing Cells 15
• 2.3 Operations 16
• 2.4 BrdU Experiment 17
• 2.5 Neural Crest Cell Culture 17
• 2.6 HNK Staining Neural Crest Culture 17
• 2.7 Wnt6 siRNA RCAS Construct 17
• 2.8 Immunohistochemistry on Sections 18
• 2.9 Immunohistochemistry on Whole Embryos 18
• 2.10 Whole-Mount In Situ Hybridisation 19
• 2.11 Chemicals 19
• 2.12 Anti-sense RNA Probes 19
• 2.12.1 DNA Linearisation 20
• 2.12.2 DNA Purification 20
• 2.12.3 Probe Synthesis 21
• 3 Results 21
• 3.1 Wnt6 and Somitogenesis 21
• 3.1.1 Consequences of Ectoderm Removal on the Epithelialisation of Segmental Plate 21
• 3.1.2 Effect of Wnt6 on the Development of Somites 23
• 3.1.3 Wnt6 Rescues the Effect of Ectoderm Removal 23
• 3.1.4 Wnt6 Rescues the Effect of Medial Barrier Insertion 25
• 3.1.5 Effect of Wnt6 Expression on Muscle Development 28
• 3.1.6 Effect of Sfrp2 on Somite Development 29
• 3.2 The Regulation of cNkd1 Expression 29
• 3.2.1 Normal Expression of cNkd1 in Chicken Embryos from HH8-HH20 29
• 3.2.2 Regulation of cNkd1 Expression 31
• 3.2.3 Regulation of cNkd1 by Members of the Wnt Family 33
• 3.3 Wnt6 and Neural Crest 36
• 3.3.1 Wnt6 Induces Neural Crest Production and Wnt1 Inhibits Neural Crest Induction 36
• 3.3.2 Wnt6 Induces Neural Crest Production Through the Non-canonical Signalling Pathway 37
• 3.3.3 Activation of the Non-canonical Pathway Through Dsh Induces Neural Crest 37
• 3.3.4 The Canonical Wnt Pathway Inhibits Neural Crest Induction 39
• 3.3.5 Specific Inhibition of Wnt6 Reduces Neural Crest Production 41
• 4.1 Wnt6 and Somitogenesis 43
• 4.2 The Regulation of cNkd1 Expression 47
• 4.3 Wnts and Neural Crest Induction 49.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

• 9783540777267
• 3540777261
• 9783540777274
• 354077727X

OCLC:

213384263

Publisher Number:

12214341